Chapter 14: Corrective Strategies for the Shoulder and Thoracic Spine Flashcards
Ball-and-socket Joint
Most-mobile joints that allow motion in all three planes (such as the shoulder and hip).
Shoulder Girdle
The bones and joints that connect the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. Comprised of the scapulae, clavicles and manubrium (broad upper portion) of the sternum.
Dynamic Stabilization
Occurs when a muscle is exerting force equal to the force being placed on it.
Scoliosis
Sideways curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty.
Hyperkyphosis
A spinal disorder in which an excessive outward curve of the spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back.
Osteoporosis
Literally means porous bone – is a disease in which the density and quality of bone is reduced.
Osteoarthritis
The most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide – occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time.
Scheuermann’s Disease
A developmental disorder of the spine, Scheuermann’s disease causes the abnormal growth of usually the thoracic (upper back) vertebrae, but it can also be found in the lumbar vertebrae.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
A form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine, although other joints can become involved – causes inflammation of the spinal joints (vertebrae) that can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort.
Shoulder Impingement
Occurs when the space between the bone on top of the shoulder (acromion) and the tendons of the rotator cuff rub against each other during arm elevation.
Muscle Strain
An injury to a muscle (tear in tendon) in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of over-stretching – usually these are graded from I to III, with I being mild pulls and III being complete tears.
