Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NASM CES > Chapter 2: Human Movement Science and Corrective Exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Human Movement Science and Corrective Exercise Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NASM ® CPT flashcards
1
Q

Movement Patterns

A

Common combinations of joint motions the human body uses to move in all three planes of motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Human Movement Science

A

The study of how the Human Movement System (HMS) functions in an interdependent, interrelated scheme.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Agonist

A

A muscle is an agonist when it acts as the prime mover for a given movement pattern.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antagonist

A

A muscle is an antagonist when it acts in direct opposition of the agonist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synergist

A

Muscles in the synergist role are meant to assist the agonist but are not supposed to be the primary source of force production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stabilizer

A

Muscles in the role of stabilizer help support associated joints while the prime movers and the synergists contract to create movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Reciprocal Inhibition

A

When the agonist contracts, the antagonist has to relax to allow the joint to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscle Action Spectrum

A

The range of muscle contractions use to accelerate, decelerate, and stabilize forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Eccentric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when a muscle generates force while lengthening to decelerate an external load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Concentric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when a muscle generates force while shortening to accelerate an external load.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Isometric Muscle Action

A

Occurs when a muscle generates force equal to an external load to hold it in place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscle Origin

A

The beginning attachment point of a muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Muscle Insertion

A

Where the end point of a muscle connects back to the skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Isolated Muscle Function

A

The joint motion created when a muscle contracts concentrically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Integrated Muscle Function

A

The joint motion(s) created when a muscle contracts eccentrically or isometrically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscle Innervation

A

A muscle’s point of connection to the nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Motor Behavior

A

The human movement system’s response to internal and external environmental stimuli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sensory Information

A

The data that the central nervous system receives from sensory receptors to determine such things as the body’s position in space and limb orientation as well as information about the environment, temperature, texture, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Motor Control

A

The study of posture and movements with the involved structures and mechanisms used by the central nervous system to assimilate and integrate sensory information with previous experiences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Motor Learning

A

The utilization of these processes through practice and experience leading to a relatively permanent change in a person’s capacity to produce skilled movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Motor Development

A

The change in motor behavior over time throughout a person’s lifespan.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sensations

A

A process by which sensory information is received by the receptor and transferred either to the spinal cord for reflexive motor behavior, to higher cortical areas for processing, or both.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Perceptions

A

The integration of sensory information with past experiences or memories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Proprioception

A

The cumulative neural input from sensory afferents to the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Neuromuscular Efficiency

A

The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonist, antagonists, synergists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the human movement system in all three planes of motion.

26
Q

Sensorimotor Integration

A

The ability of the central nervous system to gather and interpret sensory information to execute the proper motor response.

27
Q

Movement Compensation

A

When the body moves in a sub-optimal way in response to kinetic chain dysfunction.

28
Q

Feedback

A

The utilization of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to aid in the development of permanent neural representations of motor patterns for efficient movement.

29
Q

Internal (Sensory) Feedback

A

The process by which sensory information is used by the body via length-tension relationships, force-couple relationships, and arthrokinematics to monitor movement and the environment.

30
Q

External (Augmented) Feedback

A

Information provided by some external source, for example, a health and fitness professional, videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor.

31
Q

Knowledge of Results

A

Used after the completion of a movement to inform individuals about the outcome of their performance.

32
Q

Knowledge of Performance

A

Provides information about the quality of the movement.

33
Q

Sarcomere

A

The functional unit of a muscle made up of overlapping actin and myosin filaments.

34
Q

Cross-bridge Mechanism

A

The collective physiological processes that cause actin and myosin filaments to slide across each other, functionally shortening the muscle as it develops tension.

35
Q

Length-Tension Relationship

A

The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length.

36
Q

Resting Length

A

A muscle’s state when the body is standing still; not contracting or stretching.

37
Q

Neural Drive

A

The rate and volume of activation signals a muscle receives from the central nervous system.

38
Q

Overactive/shortened

A

Occurs when elevated neural drive causes a muscle to be held in a chronic state of contraction.

39
Q

Underactive/lengthened

A

Occurs when inhibited neural drive allows a muscle’s functional antagonist to pull it into a chronically elongated state.

40
Q

Muscle Imbalance

A

Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint.

41
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems.

42
Q

Force-couple Relationship

A

The synergistic action of muscles to produce movement around a joint.

43
Q

Posture

A

The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture) and function (transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the HMS at any given moment, controlled by the central nervous system.

44
Q

Structural Efficiency

A

The alignment of each segment of the HMS, which allows posture to be balanced in relation to a person’s center of gravity.

45
Q

Functional Efficiency

A

The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least amount of energy and stress on the human movement system.

46
Q

Local Muscular System

A

Muscles that connect directly to the spine and are predominantly involved in LPHC stabilization.

47
Q

Global Muscular System

A

Muscles responsible predominantly for movement and consisting of more superficial musculature that originates from the pelvis to the rib cage, the lower extremities, or both.

48
Q

Cumulative Injury Cycle

A

A cycle whereby an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered neuromuscular control, and muscle imbalances.

49
Q

Movement Impairment

A

The state in which the structural integrity of the HMS is compromised because one or more segments of the kinetic chain are out of alignment.

50
Q

Static Malalignments

A

Deviations from ideal posture that can be seen when standing still.

51
Q

Pattern Overload

A

Occurs when a segment of the body is repeatedly moved or chronically held in the same way, leading to a state of muscle overactivity.

52
Q

Altered Reciprocal Inhibition

A

The process whereby an overactive/shortened muscles causes decreased neural drive and, therefore, less-than-optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.

53
Q

Synergistic Dominance

A

The process by which a synergist compensates for an inhibited prime mover to maintain force production.

54
Q

Dynamic Malalignments

A

Deviations from optimal posture during functional movements.

55
Q

Relative Flexibility

A

The body’s ability to find the path of least resistance to accomplish a task, even if that path creates dynamic malalignments.

56
Q

Kinetic Chain Checkpoints

A

Key points on the body to observe and assess an individual’s static and dynamic posture; feet/ankles, knees, LPHC, shoulders, and head/neck.

57
Q

Foot and Ankle Checkpoint

A

Neutral arch of the foot (not flattened and toes not scrunched), feet parallel and pointing straight ahead, hip-to-shoulder width apart.

58
Q

Knee Checkpoint

A

In line with the second and third toes of each foot and not flexed or hyperextended.

59
Q

LPHC Checkpoint

A

Neutral sagittal hip position (no excessive posterior or anterior tilt) and hips level in the frontal plane.

60
Q

Shoulders and Thoracic Spine Checkpoint

A

Not rounded forward and in line with the hips and ears from a lateral viewpoint.

61
Q

Head and Cervical Spine Checkpoint

A

Neutral cervical spine (no excessive forward positioning of the neck), ears in line with the shoulders, and a level chin.

NASM CES (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions