Chapter 8 Sports Psychology

Question 1

What are the three stages of motor learning according to Fitts and Posner?

Answer 1

1. Cognitive
2. Associative.
3. Autonomous.

Question 2

What is state anxiety?

Answer 2

The subjective experience of apprehension or uncertainty

Question 3

What is trait anxiety?

Answer 3

A personality characteristic, which has a latent disposition to perceive situations as threatening

Question 4

What is the basic definition of stress?

Answer 4

An imbalance between the demand and your response capability

Question 5

What is drive theory?

Answer 5

Performance increases proportionately with increased arousal

Question 6

What is the basic premise behind the inverted-U theory?

Answer 6

There is an optimal point of arousal, which is task dependent

Question 7

What can be reversed in reversal theory?

Answer 7

The athletes interpretation of their own arousal

Question 8

According to reversal theory, how does arousal and anxiety affect performance?

Answer 8

However the individual interprets that arousal

Question 9

What does the positive refer to in positive reinforcement?

Answer 9

Adding something

Question 10

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 10

Adding something to increase a behavior

Question 11

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 11

Taking something away to increase a behavior

Question 12

What is positive punishment?

Answer 12

Adding something to decrease a behavior

Question 13

What is negative punishment?

Answer 13

Taking something away to decrease a behavior

Question 14

What are two self-regulated methods for parasympathetic activation?

Answer 14

Progressive muscle relaxation and autogenic training (warm/heavy)

Question 15

Why does a process goal work better than an outcome goal?

Answer 15

A process goal is within the athlete’s control

Question 16

When would fractionalization be necessary for part practice?

Answer 16

When the subcomponents of the movement occur simultaneously