Chapter 7 Age And Sex Related Differences

Question 1

What does youth encompass?

Answer 1

Childhood and adolescence

Question 2

What is biological age measured in?

Answer 2

Physical and sexual development

Question 3

What is training age?

Answer 3

Length of time consistently following a formalized, supervised resistance training program

Question 4

What is peak height velocity?

Answer 4

Age of maximum rate of growth

Question 5

At what age do females and males reach peak height velocity?

Answer 5

12 and 14, respectively

Question 6

How many standard deviations below the young adult mean for bone mineral density is considered osteoporosis?

Answer 6

2.5

Question 7

How many standard deviations below the young adult mean for bone mineral density is considered osteopenia?

Answer 7

1-2.5

Question 8

What percentage of body weight is muscle mass at birth versus adulthood?

Answer 8

25% v 40%

Question 9

When does muscle mass growth typically peak in adolescents?

Answer 9

About one year after peak height velocity

Question 10

How much do pre-adolescent children tend to increase strength with structured training?

Answer 10

30-40%

Question 11

In terms of absolute strength, how much do women have compared to men?

Answer 11

About 2/3

Question 12

How much more likely are women to sustain an ACL injury?

Answer 12

6x

Question 13

How fast can women increase strength, relative to body weight relative to men?

Answer 13

Same rate or faster

Question 14

What is the female athlete triad also known as?

Answer 14

Relative energy deficiency syndrome (REDS)

Question 15

What are the three components of the female athlete triad?

Answer 15

1. Energy availability.
2. Menstrual function.
3. Bone mineral density.

Question 16

What is amenorrhea?

Answer 16

Absence of menstrual cycle for more than three months

Question 17

What is the mechanism at work in amenorrhea?

Answer 17

Reduce luteinizing hormone

Question 18

At what age does weightlifting performance typically decrease and at what rate?

Answer 18

30, 1-1.5%/year

Question 19

Why does decreased dynamic balance negatively affect agonist force production?

Answer 19

Co–contraction is necessary to stabilize joints, which decreases agonist force production

Question 20

How much recovery between sessions should there be for older adults?

Answer 20

48-72 hours

Question 21

Is the Valsalva maneuver recommended for older adults?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

What is the recommended starting set, repetition, and load for an older adult beginning resistance training?

Answer 22

1 set at 8-12 reps at 40-50% 1RM