Chapter 3 Bioenergetics Of Exercise And Training

Question 1

What process does ATP undergo to create energy?

Answer 1

Hydrolysis

Question 2

What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP?

Answer 2

Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)

Question 3

What specific enzyme catalyzes ATP hydrolysis for Cross Bridge recycling?

Answer 3

Myosin ATPase

Question 4

What two anaerobic energy production systems occur in the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell?

Answer 4

Phosphagen and glycolytic systems

Question 5

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides?

Answer 5

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 6

Where does beta oxidation take place on the cellular level?

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What are the two products of beta oxidation?

Answer 7

Acetyl-CoA and hydrogen protons

Question 8

How much ATP does the breakdown of a single triglyceride molecule yield?

Answer 8

Over 300 ATP molecules

Question 9

What is allosteric inhibition?

Answer 9

When an end product binds to the regulatory enzyme and decreases its turnover rate and slows product formation

Question 10

What is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis?

Answer 10

Phosphofructokinase

Question 11

When does the lactate threshold begin for untrained individuals?

Answer 11

50-60% of maximal oxygen uptake

Question 12

When does the lactate threshold begin for aerobically trained athletes?

Answer 12

70-80% maximal oxygen uptake

Question 13

At what concentration of blood lactate does the onset of blood lactate accumulation begin?

Answer 13

4 mmol/L

Question 14

What is the end product of anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 14

Lactate

Question 15

What is the process of an exercise– induced decrease in pH referred to as?

Answer 15

Metabolic acidosis

Question 16

What are three things that can undergo gluconeogenesis?

Answer 16

Lactate
Amino acids
Glycerol

Question 17

Bicycle ergometry. For a maximal effort five second bout, what percentage of energy comes from anaerobic mechanisms?

Answer 17

96%

Question 18

Bicycle ergometry. For a maximal effort 150 second bout, what percentage of energy comes from anaerobic mechanisms?

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

Bicycle ergometry. For a maximal effort 60 second bout, what percentage of energy comes from anaerobic mechanisms?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

What type of muscle fiber(s) is most responsible for lactate production?

Answer 20

Type 2x and 2a

Question 21

What type muscle fiber and organ uses lactate?

Answer 21

Type 1
The heart

Question 22

At rest, approximately what percentage of ATP is produced from fats, and what percentage is produced from carbohydrates?

Answer 22

70% fat, 30% carbohydrate

Question 23

Where is pyruvate converted to acetyl-CoA on the cellular level?

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

How much ATP is produced via the Krebs cycle?

Answer 24

2 ATP

Question 25

What is substrate – level phosphorylation

Answer 25

The direct re-synthesis of ATP from ADP during a single reaction in the metabolic pathway

Question 26

On the cellular level, where does beta oxidation take place?

Answer 26

Mitochondria

Question 27

How is oxidative phosphorylation related to the electron transport chain?

Answer 27

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs with the ions produced from the ETC and free ADP