Chapter 8: Skin Physiology

Question 1

The study of the skin’s functions is referred to as:

Answer 1

Skin physiology

Question 2

All of the following are functions of the skin EXCEPT: 
A) secretion
B) protection
C) absorption
D) excoriation

Answer 2

D) excoriation

Question 3

Tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin are called:

Answer 3

Pores

Question 4

Which of the following provides the body with its first line of defense against infection by identifying foreign substances in the skin?

Answer 4

Immune cells

Question 5

A complex mixture of fatty acids that keeps the skin soft, supple, and pliable is known as

Answer 5

Sebum

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the main layers of the skin?
A) dermal
B) tendon
C) epidermal
D) subcutaneous

Answer 6

B) tendon

Question 7

Which of the following layers of skin is known as the protective layer?

Answer 7

Epidermis

Question 8

The epidermis is primarily composed of:

Answer 8

Keratinocytes

Question 9

Which of the following is the toughest layer of the epidermis?

Answer 9

Stratum Corneum

Question 10

Keratinocytes on the surface of the skin remain tightly interconnected by intercellular connections called:

Answer 10

Desmosomes

Question 11

“Spiny” irregularly shaped cells are located in the:

Answer 11

Stratum spinosum

Question 12

A strong protein substance that, when broken down, forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin is:

Answer 12

Collagen

Question 13

Which of the following is referred to as the “true skin”?

Answer 13

Dermis

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a receptor of sensation in the dermal layer of the skin?
A) mast cells
B) Ruffini's corpuscles
C) Krause's end bulbs
D) Meissner's corpuscles

Answer 14

A) mast cells

Question 15

What do sudoriferous glands produce?

Answer 15

Sweat

Question 16

Apocrine glands are located on all of the following parts of the body EXCEPT the:
A) feet
B) nipples
C) genitals
D) underarm area

Answer 16

A) feet

Question 17

Eccrine glands are most abundant in all of the following areas EXCEPT the: 
A) forehead
B) underarm area
C) soles of the feet
D) palms of the hands

Answer 17

B) underarm area

Question 18

What is the male hormone that influences the production of sebum?

Answer 18

Androgen

Question 19

What is the structure that insulates and acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones?

Answer 19

Subcutaneous layer

Question 20

What is the name of the connective tissue that holds bones to other bones to form joints?

Answer 20

Ligaments

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a form of tissue found in the skin?
A) nerve
B) muscular
C) connective
D) keratinocytes

Answer 21

D) keratinocytes

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of sensory cell? 
A) microphages
B) pain receptors
C) thermoreceptors
D) Pacinian corpuscles

Answer 22

A) microphages

Question 23

The removal of dead skin that stimulates new cell growth is called:

Answer 23

Exfoliation

Question 24

All of the following are factors of skin absorption EXCEPT: 
A) hair follicles
B) hydration level
C) oiliness of the skin
D) temperature of the skin

Answer 24

A) hair follicles

Question 25

Which of the following refers to a change in the structure of the skin tissue?

Answer 25

Lesion

Question 26

Which secondary lesion is a dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore?

Answer 26

Crust

Question 27

A hereditary rash, or an inflammation of the skin, characterized by dry, sensitive, irritated skin is called a(n)

Answer 27

Atopic dermatitis

Question 28

An allergic reaction that produces an eruption of wheals is known as

Answer 28

Hives

Question 29

Which of the following is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an eruption, blister-like cluster?

Answer 29

Herpes Simplex

Question 30

``` Warts are most commonly found on the following areas of the body EXCEPT the: A) feet B) legs C) hands D) fingers ```

Answer 30

B) legs

Question 31

A chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed is called:

Answer 31

Rosacea

Question 32

``` Acne can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT: A) genetics B) emotional stress C) hormonal changes D) eating too much chocolate ```

Answer 32

D) eating too much chocolate

Question 33

What is another name for a whitehead?

Answer 33

Closed comedo

Question 34

``` Which of the following is NOT a myth of acne? A) acne can be cleared up B) acne must just run its course C) acne is caused by a poor diet D) acne is caused by poor hygiene ```

Answer 34

A) acne can be cleared up

Question 35

The layer of skin in which the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules is the:

Answer 35

Stratum granulosum

Question 36

``` Which of the following is an ingredient used to dry, exfoliate, and help in killing bacteria? A) Metrogel B) androgen C) Vitamin C D) benzoyl peroxide ```

Answer 36

D) benzoyl peroxide

Question 37

A foul-smelling perspiration caused by the yeast and bacteria that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin is called:

Answer 37

Bromhidrosis

Question 38

Which of the following are small elevated growths that can easily be removed by a physician?

Answer 38

Skin tags

Question 39

What is a congenital disease that results in the failure of the skin to produce melanin?

Answer 39

Albinism

Question 40

A birthmark or congenital mole is called a:

Answer 40

Nevus

Question 41

A freckle is called a(n):

Answer 41

Lentigo

Question 42

Which of the following is a term used to identify a rapid onset of an intense and severe condition?

Answer 42

Acute

Question 43

The term used to describe symptoms that are frequent and continuing is:

Answer 43

Chronic

Question 44

A swelling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues is called:

Answer 44

Edema

Question 45

Which of the following is the term for the buildup of skin cells on the epidermis?

Answer 45

Keratosis

Question 46

An inflammation in the skin that causes severe itching, usually on undamaged skin, is known as:

Answer 46

Pruritus

Question 47

Which of the following describes a disease that is active internally throughout the body system?

Answer 47

Systemic disease

Question 48

What does intrinsic aging indicate?

Answer 48

Natural aging process

Question 49

Which of the following is the number one factor in extrinsic aging?

Answer 49

Amount of sun exposure

Question 50

``` The general appearance of sun-damaged skin shows all of the following major structural changes EXCEPT: A) a leathery surface B) irregular pigment C) a significant increase of elasticity D) numerous fine lines and wrinkles ```

Answer 50

C) a significant increase of elasticity