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Esthetics, Salon Fundamentals, Exam Prep > Chapter 5: Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The study of organs and systems of the body is called:

A

Anatomy

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2
Q 
Which of the following is NOT part of the basic structure of a cell? 
A) tissue
B) nucleus
C) cytoplasm
D) cell membrane
A

Tissue

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3
Q

The basic units of life are

A

Cells

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4
Q

Which of the following is the control center of cell activities?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

The production department of the cell is known as the

A

Cytoplasm

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6
Q

Human cells reproduce by a process referred to as

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

The chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as

A

Metabolism

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8
Q

The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones is

A

Anabolism

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9
Q

What phase of metabolism causes a release of energy within the cell?

A

Catabolism

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10
Q

Groups of cells of the same kind make up

A

Tissues

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11
Q

The tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions is the

A

Nerve tissue

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12
Q 
All of the following are organs of the body EXCEPT
A) skin
B) brain
C) hands
D) stomach
A

Hands

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13
Q

Which type of tissue contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion?

A

Muscular

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14
Q

Separate body structures that perform specific functions are

A

Organs

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15
Q

A group of body organs that perform one or more vital functions for the body is called a(n)

A

System

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16
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a body system? 
A) nervous system
B) digestive system
C) cytoplasm system
D) circulatory system
A

Cytoplasm system

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17
Q

The physical foundation of the body is called the

A

Skeletal system

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18
Q

Osteology is the study of

A

Bones

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19
Q

Plate-shaped bones located in the skull are

A

Flat bones

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20
Q

The facial skeleton that enclose and protects the brain and primary sensory organs is called the

A

Skull

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21
Q

The bone that extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head to form the forehead is called the

A

Frontal

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22
Q

The two bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head are called

A

Parietal bones

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23
Q

How many of the 14 bones that compose the facial skeleton are involved in facial massage?

A

9

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24
Q

The lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton is the

A

Mandible

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25
Q

The 7 bones that form the top part of the spinal column are known as the

A

Cervical vertebrae

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26
Q

The spin, the sternum, and 12 ribs make up the

A

Thorax

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27
Q

That are the 14 bones that form the fingers called?

A

Phalanges

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28
Q

What term is used to describe a muscle’s function that means “to lift up”?

A

Levator

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29
Q 
Which of the following is NOT  a type of muscle tissue? 
A) cardiac
B) Myology
C) Voluntary
D) involuntary
A

Myology

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30
Q

Which muscles respond to conscious commands?

A

Voluntary

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31
Q

The muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions are

A

Non-striated

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32
Q

The three parts of a muscle are the

A

Origin, belly, and insertion

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33
Q

The bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones are

A

Tendons

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34
Q

Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the

A

Insertion to the origin

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35
Q

The scalp is covered by a broad muscle called the

A

Epicranius

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36
Q

What muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back?

A

Occipitalis

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37
Q

Which muscle draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose?

A

Procerus

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38
Q

What muscle is located outside the corners of the mouth and draws the mouth up and back, as in laughing?

A

Zygomaticus

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39
Q

The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly is the

A

Buccinator

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40
Q

The mastication muscle that is located above and in front of the ear and both opens and closes the jaw is the

A

Temporalis

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41
Q

What muscle causes the head to move from side to side and up and down?

A

Sternocleido mastoideus

42
Q

The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the

A

Supinator

43
Q

The muscle located mid-forearm that bends the wrist and closes the fingers is the

A

Flexor ulnaris

44
Q

Which hand muscles separate the fingers?

A

Abductor

45
Q

The muscles that cause the thumb to move toward the fingers, giving the ability to grasp or make a fist are the

A

Opponens

46
Q

The system that controls the circulation of the loop and lymph through the body is called the

A

Circulatory system

47
Q

The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries are all part of the

A

Cardiovascular system

48
Q

The heart is entirely encased in a membrane called the

A

Pericardium

49
Q

The lower chambers of the heart consists of the

A

Right ventricle and left ventricle

50
Q

How many times per minute does the average resting heart beat?

A

60-100 times

51
Q 
Blood is transferred through all of the following vessels EXCEPT
A) veins
B) arteries
C) capillaries
D) maxillaries
A

Maxillaries

52
Q

Which cells fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body?

A

White blood cells

53
Q

The process of coagulation is started by

A

Thrombocytes

54
Q

The fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended is

A

Plasma

55
Q

The blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart through the body are

A

Arteries

56
Q

The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart is referred to as

A

Systemic circulation

57
Q 
The common carotid arteries supply blood to all of the following EXCEPT
A) legs
B) face
C) neck
D) head
A

Legs

58
Q

What artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and forehead?

A

Internal carotid

59
Q

All blood from the head, face, and neck returns through two veins called the:

A

Internal jugular and external jugular

60
Q

Wearing support hose and the correctly sized shoes can help prevent

A

Varicose veins

61
Q

The facial artery that supplies blood to the lower portion of the face is called the

A

External maxillary

62
Q

What acts as a barrier to infection from one part of the body to another?

A

Lymph nodes

63
Q

The system that coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body by responding to both internal and external stimuli is the

A

Nervous system

64
Q

What controls all three subsystems of the nervous system?

A

Brain

65
Q

The most vital p art of the brain that contains centers that control breathing and heart function is called the

A

Medulla oblongata

66
Q

Primary components of the nervous system include the

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

67
Q

Which nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Central nervous system

68
Q

What system carries sensory information sent to the brain by the ears, eyes, nose, and tongue?

A

Peripheral nervous system

69
Q

What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions?

A

Autonomic nervous system

70
Q

The subsystem of the autonomic system that slows the heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and lowers blood pressure is the

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

71
Q

The body’s state of balance is referred to as

A

Homeostasis

72
Q

The long threadlike fibers extending from a nerve cell is called

A

Axons

73
Q

Which of the following are responsible for sending messages in the form of electrical nerve impulses?

A

Nerve terminals

74
Q

The interaction of sensory and motor nerves is called a(n)

A

Reflex action

75
Q 
All of the following are types of nerves EXCEPT
A) motor
B) axons
C) sensory
D) sensory-motor
A

Axons

76
Q

Nerves that carry messages from the brain to the muscles and cause a muscle to react are called

A

Motor nerves

77
Q

Large nerves that perform oth sensory and motor functions are called

A

Mixed nerves

78
Q

Nerve cells that react to outside stimulation by sending a sensory message to the brain are

A

Receptors

79
Q

The 11th cranial nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles is the

A

Accessory nerve

80
Q

The chief sensory nerve of the face is responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the muscle movements of chewing is the

A

Trifacial nerve

81
Q 
The trifacial nerve does NOT control sensations of the:
A) face
B) teeth
C) tongue
D) fingers
A

Fingers

82
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a main branch of the trifacial nerve?
A) nasal
B) maxillary
C) ophthalmic
D) mandibular
A

Nasal

83
Q

The main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face is the

A

Ophthalmic branch

84
Q

What nerve extends to the side of the forehead, temple, and upper part of the cheek?

A

Zygomatic

85
Q

The nerve that extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple is called the

A

Auriculo temporal

86
Q

The 7th cranial nerve and primary motor nerve of the face is called the

A

Facial nerve

87
Q

What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles on the side of the neck?

A

Cervical

88
Q

The branch of the facial nerve that extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, the eyebrow, eyelid, and upper cheek is called the

A

Temporal

89
Q

The nerve of the arm that extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand is the

A

Radial

90
Q

What system breaks food down into simpler chemical compounds easily absorbed by cells or eliminated as waste?

A

Digestive

91
Q 
All of the following are part of the digestive system EXCEPT: 
A) pharynx
B) stomach
C) diaphragm
D) esophagus
A

Diaphragm

92
Q

What is secreted by the salivary glands to break down food?

A

Enzymes

93
Q

The system that eliminates solid, liquid, or gaseous waste products from the body is the

A

Excretory

94
Q 
Which of the following is NOT an organ of the excretory system? 
A) skin
B) liver
C) lungs
D) kidneys
A

Lungs

95
Q

The body’s largest organ is the

A

Skin

96
Q

What organ converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea?

A

Liver

97
Q 
The lower respiratory tract consists of all of the following EXCEPT: 
A) lungs
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) bronchi
A

Larynx

98
Q

A carefully balanced mechanism that directly affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels is the

A

Endocrine system

99
Q

The skin and its layers make up the

A

Integumentary system

100
Q 
The two primary glands of the integumentary system are the sebaceous glands and which of the following? 
A) oil
B) ductless
C) endocrine
D) sudoriferous
A

Sudoriferous

Esthetics, Salon Fundamentals, Exam Prep (14 decks)

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