Chapter 5: Anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
The study of organs and systems of the body is called:
A
Anatomy
2
Q
Which of the following is NOT part of the basic structure of a cell? A) tissue B) nucleus C) cytoplasm D) cell membrane
A
Tissue
3
Q
The basic units of life are
A
Cells
4
Q
Which of the following is the control center of cell activities?
A
Nucleus
5
Q
The production department of the cell is known as the
A
Cytoplasm
6
Q
Human cells reproduce by a process referred to as
A
Mitosis
7
Q
The chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction is known as
A
Metabolism
8
Q
The process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones is
A
Anabolism
9
Q
What phase of metabolism causes a release of energy within the cell?
A
Catabolism
10
Q
Groups of cells of the same kind make up
A
Tissues
11
Q
The tissue that carries messages to and from the brain and coordinates body functions is the
A
Nerve tissue
12
Q
All of the following are organs of the body EXCEPT A) skin B) brain C) hands D) stomach
A
Hands
13
Q
Which type of tissue contracts, when stimulated, to produce motion?
A
Muscular
14
Q
Separate body structures that perform specific functions are
A
Organs
15
Q
A group of body organs that perform one or more vital functions for the body is called a(n)
A
System
16
Q
Which of the following is NOT a body system? A) nervous system B) digestive system C) cytoplasm system D) circulatory system
A
Cytoplasm system
17
Q
The physical foundation of the body is called the
A
Skeletal system
18
Q
Osteology is the study of
A
Bones
19
Q
Plate-shaped bones located in the skull are
A
Flat bones
20
Q
The facial skeleton that enclose and protects the brain and primary sensory organs is called the
A
Skull
21
Q
The bone that extends from the top of the eyes to the top of the head to form the forehead is called the
A
Frontal
22
Q
The two bones that form the crown and upper sides of the head are called
A
Parietal bones
23
Q
How many of the 14 bones that compose the facial skeleton are involved in facial massage?
A
9
24
Q
The lower jaw and the largest bone of the facial skeleton is the
A
Mandible
25
The 7 bones that form the top part of the spinal column are known as the
Cervical vertebrae
26
The spin, the sternum, and 12 ribs make up the
Thorax
27
That are the 14 bones that form the fingers called?
Phalanges
28
What term is used to describe a muscle's function that means "to lift up"?
Levator
29
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Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?
A) cardiac
B) Myology
C) Voluntary
D) involuntary
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Myology
30
Which muscles respond to conscious commands?
Voluntary
31
The muscles that respond automatically to control various body functions are
Non-striated
32
The three parts of a muscle are the
Origin, belly, and insertion
33
The bands of fibrous tissue that attach the muscle to the bones are
Tendons
34
Muscles affected by massage are generally manipulated from the
Insertion to the origin
35
The scalp is covered by a broad muscle called the
Epicranius
36
What muscle is located at the nape of the neck and draws the scalp back?
Occipitalis
37
Which muscle draws brows down and wrinkles the area across the bridge of the nose?
Procerus
38
What muscle is located outside the corners of the mouth and draws the mouth up and back, as in laughing?
Zygomaticus
39
The muscle responsible for compressing the cheek to release air outwardly is the
Buccinator
40
The mastication muscle that is located above and in front of the ear and both opens and closes the jaw is the
Temporalis
41
What muscle causes the head to move from side to side and up and down?
Sternocleido mastoideus
42
The muscle that turns the palm of the hand up is the
Supinator
43
The muscle located mid-forearm that bends the wrist and closes the fingers is the
Flexor ulnaris
44
Which hand muscles separate the fingers?
Abductor
45
The muscles that cause the thumb to move toward the fingers, giving the ability to grasp or make a fist are the
Opponens
46
The system that controls the circulation of the loop and lymph through the body is called the
Circulatory system
47
The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries are all part of the
Cardiovascular system
48
The heart is entirely encased in a membrane called the
Pericardium
49
The lower chambers of the heart consists of the
Right ventricle and left ventricle
50
How many times per minute does the average resting heart beat?
60-100 times
51
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Blood is transferred through all of the following vessels EXCEPT
A) veins
B) arteries
C) capillaries
D) maxillaries
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Maxillaries
52
Which cells fight bacteria and other foreign substances and increase in number when infection invades the body?
White blood cells
53
The process of coagulation is started by
Thrombocytes
54
The fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended is
Plasma
55
The blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart through the body are
Arteries
56
The process of blood traveling from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart is referred to as
Systemic circulation
57
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The common carotid arteries supply blood to all of the following EXCEPT
A) legs
B) face
C) neck
D) head
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Legs
58
What artery supplies blood to the brain, eyes, and forehead?
Internal carotid
59
All blood from the head, face, and neck returns through two veins called the:
Internal jugular and external jugular
60
Wearing support hose and the correctly sized shoes can help prevent
Varicose veins
61
The facial artery that supplies blood to the lower portion of the face is called the
External maxillary
62
What acts as a barrier to infection from one part of the body to another?
Lymph nodes
63
The system that coordinates and controls the overall operation of the human body by responding to both internal and external stimuli is the
Nervous system
64
What controls all three subsystems of the nervous system?
Brain
65
The most vital p art of the brain that contains centers that control breathing and heart function is called the
Medulla oblongata
66
Primary components of the nervous system include the
Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
67
Which nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?
Central nervous system
68
What system carries sensory information sent to the brain by the ears, eyes, nose, and tongue?
Peripheral nervous system
69
What system is responsible for all involuntary body functions?
Autonomic nervous system
70
The subsystem of the autonomic system that slows the heart rate, dilates blood vessels, and lowers blood pressure is the
Parasympathetic nervous system
71
The body's state of balance is referred to as
Homeostasis
72
The long threadlike fibers extending from a nerve cell is called
Axons
73
Which of the following are responsible for sending messages in the form of electrical nerve impulses?
Nerve terminals
74
The interaction of sensory and motor nerves is called a(n)
Reflex action
75
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All of the following are types of nerves EXCEPT
A) motor
B) axons
C) sensory
D) sensory-motor
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Axons
76
Nerves that carry messages from the brain to the muscles and cause a muscle to react are called
Motor nerves
77
Large nerves that perform oth sensory and motor functions are called
Mixed nerves
78
Nerve cells that react to outside stimulation by sending a sensory message to the brain are
Receptors
79
The 11th cranial nerve that controls the motion of neck muscles is the
Accessory nerve
80
The chief sensory nerve of the face is responsible for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and for controlling the muscle movements of chewing is the
Trifacial nerve
81
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The trifacial nerve does NOT control sensations of the:
A) face
B) teeth
C) tongue
D) fingers
```
Fingers
82
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Which of the following is NOT a main branch of the trifacial nerve?
A) nasal
B) maxillary
C) ophthalmic
D) mandibular
```
Nasal
83
The main nerve branch to the top 1/3 of the face is the
Ophthalmic branch
84
What nerve extends to the side of the forehead, temple, and upper part of the cheek?
Zygomatic
85
The nerve that extends to the ear and to the area from the top of the head to the temple is called the
Auriculo temporal
86
The 7th cranial nerve and primary motor nerve of the face is called the
Facial nerve
87
What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles on the side of the neck?
Cervical
88
The branch of the facial nerve that extends to the muscles of the temple, the side of the forehead, the eyebrow, eyelid, and upper cheek is called the
Temporal
89
The nerve of the arm that extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand is the
Radial
90
What system breaks food down into simpler chemical compounds easily absorbed by cells or eliminated as waste?
Digestive
91
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All of the following are part of the digestive system EXCEPT:
A) pharynx
B) stomach
C) diaphragm
D) esophagus
```
Diaphragm
92
What is secreted by the salivary glands to break down food?
Enzymes
93
The system that eliminates solid, liquid, or gaseous waste products from the body is the
Excretory
94
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Which of the following is NOT an organ of the excretory system?
A) skin
B) liver
C) lungs
D) kidneys
```
Lungs
95
The body's largest organ is the
Skin
96
What organ converts and neutralizes ammonia from the circulatory system to urea?
Liver
97
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The lower respiratory tract consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
A) lungs
B) larynx
C) trachea
D) bronchi
```
Larynx
98
A carefully balanced mechanism that directly affects hair growth, skin conditions, and energy levels is the
Endocrine system
99
The skin and its layers make up the
Integumentary system
100
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The two primary glands of the integumentary system are the sebaceous glands and which of the following?
A) oil
B) ductless
C) endocrine
D) sudoriferous
```
Sudoriferous
