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Esthetics, Salon Fundamentals, Exam Prep > Chapter 7: Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

The type of chemistry that deals with matter that was never living and does not contain carbon is called:

A

Inorganic chemistry

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2
Q

Anything that occupies space is called:

A

Matter

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3
Q

All of the following statements are true about liquids EXCEPT:
A) they have definite shape
B) they have definite weight
C) they have definite volume
D) they take the shape of the container in which they are poured

A

A) they have definite shape

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4
Q

Matter with definite weight, but indefinite volume and shape are:

A

Gases

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5
Q

A change in a substance that creates a new substance with different material characteristics from those of the original substance is a:

A

Chemical change

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6
Q

All of the following statements are true about physical changes EXCEPT:
A) chemical structure does not change
B) changes always involve either the gain or loss of energy
C) a new substance possessing different material composition is created
D) freezing water to form ice cubes is an example of a physical change

A

C) a new substance possessing different material composition is created

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7
Q

The unifying concept used to organize elements and their similarities is called the:

A

Periodic law

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8
Q

All of the following statements about the Period Table of Chemical Elements are true EXCEPT:
A) there are 92 naturally occurring elements
B) the atomic number is the primary basis for organization
C) Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer found ways of arranging elements
D) the unifying concept used to organize elements is called scientific shorthand

A

D) the unifying concept used to organize elements is called scientific shorthand

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9
Q

Which of the following is the most abundant element in the earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen

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10
Q

Which of the following have a positive electrical charge and identify the atom?

A

Protons

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11
Q

The molecular weight of each element is determined by the:

A

Protons and neutrons

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12
Q

Which of the following items have a negative electrical charge?

A

Electrons

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13
Q

Which of the following is created by chemically uniting two different elements?

A

Compound

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14
Q

All of the following statements about compounds are true EXCEPT:
A) held together by chemical bonds
B) lack unique chemical and physical characteristics
C) formed by the Union of individual elements
D) more than 4 million have been identified

A

B) lack unique chemical and physical characteristics

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15
Q

Which of the following is a process in which a substance gains an electron and oxygen is released?

A

Reduction

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16
Q

The branch of science that deals with the chemicals related to life processes and their reactions within the body is called:

A

Biochemistry

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17
Q

Which of the following are materials that dissolve and break down large molecules into smaller ones?

A

Enzymes

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18
Q

All of the following statements about amino acids are true EXCEPT:
A) there are 22 common amino acids
B) they join together in chains to form proteins
C) they dissolve and break down large molecules
D) they consist of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen

A

C) they dissolve and break down large molecules

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19
Q

All of the following statements about carbohydrates are true EXCEPT:
A) they play a key role in metabolism
B) they are used by the body to store energy
C) they are used to construct and renew the body
D) glucose is the most important carbohydrate for providing energy

A

C) they are used to construct and renew the body

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20
Q

A simple unit of a carbohydrate is called a:

A

Saccharide

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21
Q

Which of the following is the term used to describe a base?

A

Alkaline

22
Q

Which of the following is the average pH range of the skin?

A

4.5 to 5.5

23
Q

A mixture of sebum and sweat combined with lipids, minerals, and moisture to form a protective barrier for the skin is called the:

A

Acid mantle

24
Q

You can keep your clients’ skin in top shape by doing all of the following EXCEPT:
A) reading labels knowledgeably
B) selecting and recommending the right product for home care
C) using harsh soaps and cleansers without a toner or moisturizer
D) treating each client with products that balance the individual’s pH

A

C) using harsh soaps and cleansers without a toner or moisturizer

25
Q

The solid, or dissolved part, of a solution is called the:

A

Solute

26
Q

The term that describes when a solute will no longer dissolve evenly in the solvent is the:

A

Saturation point

27
Q

Solvents that easily mix together are called:

A

Miscible

28
Q

A hard, low-level water or anhydrous product used by rubbing the product directly on the skin is called:

A

Stick

29
Q

All of the following statements regarding aerosols are true EXCEPT:
A) they are explosive and flammable
B) they are products packaged under pressure
C) they are environmentally friendly to discard
D) they are blended with a propellant inside a container

A

C) they are environmentally friendly to discard

30
Q

Which ingredient listed below is compatible with both water and oil?

A

Emulsifier

31
Q

Ingredients responsible for producing the desired effect are called:

A

Active ingredients

32
Q

Which of the following is the first ingredient found in the majority of cosmetic skin care products?

A

Water

33
Q

Which of the following are organic ingredients that bind water and deposit it onto the skin?

A

Humectants

34
Q

All of the following statements about emollients are true EXCEPT:
A) they are used to condition and soften the skin
B) they provide a protective barrier called an occlusive barrier
C) they are found in concentrations ranging between 20% and 30%
D) they help the skin maintain its natural hydration by sealing moisture in the skin

A

C) they are found in concentrations ranging between 20% and 30%

35
Q

Which of the following have the ability to bind a wide range of organic and inorganic matter to water?

A

Surfactants

36
Q

Which of the following allow for the suspension of small particle solids in a base by creating a supporting structure to prevent settling?

A

Thickeners

37
Q 
All of the following are benefits that may be derived from botanicals EXCEPT: 
A) drying effects
B) conditioning effects
C) antibacterial effects
D) anti-inflammatory effects
A

A) drying effects

38
Q

Which of the following are included in cosmetic products to maintain microbiological integrity or product quality during production, storage, and use by the consumer?

A

Preservatives

39
Q

Which of the following are vegetable, ,mineral, or pigment dyes that are added to products to enhance its appearance?

A

Coloring agents

40
Q

Which of the following means the product is less likely to provoke an allergic reaction?

A

Hypoallergenic

41
Q

An ingredient used in skin care products to cover (mask) undesirable odors in the product base is:

A

Fragrance

42
Q

Acids or bases used to adjust the desired product pH level are called:

A

PH adjustors

43
Q

Which of the following are ingredients that are likely to block or clog the pores and contribute to pimples?

A

Comedogenic

44
Q

All of the following statements about sunscreens are true EXCEPT:
A) they are inactive ingredients
B) they are usually 2% and 7% in concentration
C) they are considered drugs under FDA guidelines
D) they are used in products to block or absorb ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun

A

A) they are inactive ingredients

45
Q

Chemically unstable molecules caused by environmental pollutants and UV exposure are called:

A

Free radicals

46
Q

Which of the following is a non-comedogenic emollient that gives products a silky feel?

A

Cyclomethicone

47
Q

Organic acids extracted from a variety of natural sources such as fruits, sugar, and milk are called:

A

Hydroxy acids

48
Q

Ingredients that are designed to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin are called:

A

Enzymes

49
Q

All of the following statements about lighteners are true EXCEPT:
A) they are used at relatively high levels
B) they slowly block the production of melanin in the skin
C) they are used to bleach or lighten areas of hyper pigmentation
D) they usually take months of continued use to deliver a noticeable effect

A

A) they are used at relatively high levels

50
Q

The promotion and advertising of cosmetics and many other products are regulated by the:

A

FTC

Esthetics, Salon Fundamentals, Exam Prep (14 decks)

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