Chapter 8 - Reinforcement

Question 1

An event that seems unpleasant but increases the rate of behavior that it follows would be called a(n) __________.

Answer 1

reinforcer

Question 2

When Sue was a tiny infant, her father had a bright idea. Maybe it would increase her rate of smiling if he followed each adorable smile with a lullaby. It did. Sue’s father was using what behavioral procedure?

Answer 2

reinforcement

Question 3

Suppose that a person is late to class and the teacher asks him to be on time in the future. If the person starts coming to class on time more often, the teacher’s request would be an example of __________.

Answer 3

unknown

Question 4

An event is called a reinforcer of it is timed to [a] a behavior and [b] the probability of that behavior.

Answer 4

follow; increase

Question 5

Glover and Gary (1976) delivered points to students after each different function that they listed for an object. If the rate of listing different functions increased, then the procedure of delivering the points would be called __________.

Answer 5

reinforcement

Question 6

When Larry commented that he liked long hair, his friends always agreed. They then frequently discussed how stupid other people’s reactions to long hair were. Larry commented on the virtues of long hair more and more frequently. The event consisting of one of his friends saying “yeah, man, that’s right” would be an example of a(n) __________.

Answer 6

reinforcer

Question 7

Verna spanked Tom every time he interrupted her. Tom seemed to interrupt even more than usual after she started spanking him. The event consisting of spanking Tom would be called a(n) ___________.

Answer 7

reinforcer

Question 8

To prove that an event is a reinforcer, you would have to use a(n) __________ design.

Answer 8

reversal

Question 9

Kim complained of problems every once in awhile. One day when Kim complained, his teacher, concerned that the problems might be interfering with school, had a long talk with him. After that, Kim complained more often about his problems and thus had more talks with his teacher. By talking with Kim after a complaint, the teacher was using what behavioral procedure? __________

Answer 9

reinforcement

Question 10

Explain the difference between reinforcer and reinforcement

Answer 10

Reinforcement - the procedure of having a reinforcer follow a behavior; Reinforcer - the event that, if it follows a behavior, increases the rate of the behavior

Question 11

Kay was the only person in the group who supported the war. She always said things in favor of the war, and the other group members would always argue with her. She gradually said more and more things supporting the war. When another member of the group said something like “I think that this war is unjustified,” this statement would be an example of a(n) __________ for statements favoring the war.

Answer 11

reinforcer

Question 12

Increasing the rate of behavior by delivering a reinforcer after it occurs is called __________.

Answer 12

reinforcement

Question 13

Tactic #1 in using the reinforcement strategy to solve human problems is to increase desired behavior through

Answer 13

reinforcement

Question 14

If an event follows a behavior and the frequency of that behavior becomes greater, the event is called a(n) __________.

Answer 14

reinforcer

Question 15

Define a reinforcer

Answer 15

Any event that follows a behavior and increases the rate of that behavior.

Question 16

If you arrange to deliver an event following every instance of a behavior and the rate of the behavior increases, then you would refer to this procedure as _______________.

Answer 16

reinforcement

Question 17

Explain how a behavioral scientist would prove that an event is a reinforcer and disprove that an alternative event is the cause of the increase in behavior

Answer 17

Compare the rate of the behavior without reinforcement with that during reinforcement using a reversal or multiple baseline design

Question 18

Janice carefully typed her term paper for the first time. She received an A for the paper. Thereafter, she frequently typed her term papers. The A is an example of what? _______________

Answer 18

reinforcer