Chapter 19 - Imitation and Instructions Flashcards
The fourth tactic in the stimulus control strategy is to create complex stimulus control [a] training or [b] training
imitation/instructional
The use of verbal descriptions of behavior and reinforcement to teach a new behavior is called __________.
instructional training
John’s father sawed the first board to show John how to use a power saw. He then watched John cut a board and praised him when he followed the father’s example. This would be an example of what behavioral procedure? __________
Imitation training
Ada patiently explained to Sam exactly where to look when he was pitching. She then had him throw several pitches while she was watching and praised him only when he did it right. What procedure for changing Sam’s behavior did Ada use? ________
instructional training
Mary showed Tommy two blocks and asked, “How many are there? Two?” and praised him when he said “Two.” She then repeated the question at various times during the day, each time saying “Two” softer and softer until Tommy answered “Two” without any help. Mary then showed Tommy two toys and repeated the procedure. When she showed him two spoons and asked him how many, he said, “Two” without any hint. By reinforcing Tommy’s response of “Two” in the presence of a series of stimuli until he could apply it to a novel stimulus, Mary used what behavioral procedure?
programming
Because the teacher’s verbal description concerning what behavior the learner should produce is associated with reinforcement for the instructed behavior, the verbal description would technically be called a(n) __________.
SD/ prompt
Cartman showed Kenny a picture of a tree and asked, “What is this? Say ‘tree,’” Kenny said, “tree.” Several other times during the week he showed him the same picture and asked him, “What is this? say ‘tree’” more and more softly until he called it a tree without his hint. Cartman was using what behavioral procedure?
fading
If a teacher provides a behavioral demonstration of what another person is supposed to do, the teacher’s behavior is called ___________.
imitative stimulus
When a teacher describes a behavior that he or she would like a learner to produce, this description would be called a(n) __________ (Hint: The answer is not “instruction”)
verbal description
If a learner produces a behavior that someone else describes orally, the learner’s behavior would be an example of __________ behavior.
instructed
Ada had Gordie stand at the plate and call “strike” for only the good pitches. She praised him when he called a good pitch a “strike” but ignored him when he called a bad pitch a “strike.” What procedure is she using to teach Gordie to call “strike” for the good pitches and not for the bad pitches?
discrimination training
Explain what question to ask to differentiate between instructional and imitation training.
If the teacher describes the desired behavior, the method is instructional training. If the teacher demonstrates the desired behavior, the method is imitation training.
Imitation training and instructional training will continue to work only if the person’s imitative or instructed behavior is _________
reinforced
Define “imitation training,” referring to its three parts.
(1) The teacher provides an imitative stimulus demonstrating the desired behavior
(2) the learner produces the imitative behavior
(3) the teacher reinforces the imitative behavior
imitation training and instructional training follows a ____
3 - term contingency
