Chapter 2 - Definitions Flashcards
Behavior is anything that a person __________.
does
Tom wrote down anytime that Carol made a friendly comment to him as soon as she made it. What approach to observing Carol’s friendliness did Tom use? __________ observation
direct
Barb defined “studying” the social code as being able to answer the ten questions listed at the end of it. She asked Ann if she could answer those questions. Ann said “yes.” Using her answer of “yes” to observe studying the social codes is the approach called __________ observation.
self-report
To develop a sound behavioral definition, the behavior analyst must clearly describe what behavior he or she will __________.
observe
The problem with using private events to explain other behavior is that they must still be __________.
explained
Using a behavioral definition makes communication [a] and maintains consistency of [b]
clearer; observations
When an observer writes down an observation as soon as they see it, we call it [a] observation. When they write it down from memory, we call it [b] observation.
direct; self report
Describing joy as “laughing, singing, and dancing” would be called a(n) __________
behavioral definition
Maria developed a list to help decide whether Juan was doing his share of household chores. The list included washing dishes, taking out garbage, and shopping for food. Behavior analysts call Maria’s list a(n) __________.
behavioral definition
Barb could multiply any two numbers between 1 and 20 in her head. Behavior analysts view Barb’s activity as a form of __________.
behavior/private behavior
Explain how behavior analysts view thinking. How might thinking be similar to silent reading? *short answer question
Behavior analysts view it as private behavior
The observers in the Goetz and Baer study did not watch children building novel block structures. Because they recorded any resulting block structure as soon as they saw it, this was an example of the approach to observation called __________ observation.
direct
John defined understanding as a word meaning that the person correctly defined the word on the English test. John asked Mary if she correctly defined the term reify on last Friday’s test. Mary said “yes.” John used what approach to observing her behavior? __________ observations
self report
Behavior analysts create a successful behavioral definition by describing exactly what behavior they will __________.
observe
The problem with self-reports is that when you ask people to report on their own behavior from memory the results are usually __________.
inaccurate
Dr. Parlato studied factors that interfered with John’s digestion. Because digestion is something that John does, Dr. Parlato is studying a form of __________.
behavior
The principle of direct observation requires a trained observer who used ___________ of behavior.
direct observation
Dr. Quail tried to explain poor learning by students in terms of a poor attitude. Because the poor attitude must itself be explained, Dr. Quail’s explanation shows the problem with __________ events.
private
Professor Rose measured Shelley’s studying as “the number of problems she completed and handed in on her calculus homework.” The phrase in quotes is a(n) __________.
behavioral definition
Give two benefits for creating specific behavioral definitions *short answer question
1)clear communication
2)consistency of observation
Ahles and colleagues (1990) defined pain behavior as patients “guarding, bracing, rubbing, expressing and grimacing.” Behavior analysts call the statement in quotes a(n) __________.
behavioral definition
Dan wrote down each time that Fred did not answer their phone. Dan used the approach of __________ observation.
direct
Joan decided that she meant by sensitivity the following: “Chad encouraged her to talk about her feelings.” Joan was treating sensitivity as a form of __________.
behavior
A statement that pinpoints what behavior to observe is called a(an) __________.
behavioral definition
An observer who immediately records any observation that he personally sees (or hears) is using the principle of __________.
direct observation
John asked Mrs. Miller how much trash her family had generated last week. John’s approach is called __________ observation.
self-report
Dr. Casey found that sixth graders studied more if they signed a contract with their teacher. The contract said that they could go to an early recess as soon as they learned their spelling words for the day. Because the contract is part of the students’ environment, Dr. Casey was using the principle of __________ events.
public
Tom studied whether Marge initiated conversations with men. He meant by the term initiated conversations whether she “approached a man and was the first to speak.” The phrase in quotes is called a(n) __________.
behavioral definition
As long as an action is something that a person does and it is physical and produces a result, behavior analysts call the action __________.
behavior
Give one reason why behavior analysts usually rely on direct observation, rather than observations that involve memory, such as those evoked by questionnaires or interviews: *short answer question
Self-reports are usually inaccurate or of unknown accuracy
