Chapter 6 - Visual Analysis

Question 1

A single-subject experimental design in which two behaviors are subjected to the same treatment at different times is called a(n) __________ design.

Answer 1

multiple-baseline

Question 2

The principle of visual analysis is to look for differences that are __________.

Answer 2

convincing

Question 3

If the data in baseline are the low numbers 1,4,5,3 would you conclude that they are stable with respect to higher treatment values? __________ (Yes, No)

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

The problem with using private events to explain behavior is that we must still __________ the private events.

Answer 4

explain

Question 5

When determining if conditions are divided, look only at the last __________ data points in each condition.

Answer 5

3

Question 6

Name two criteria for convincing difference. *short response

Answer 6

if it is stable and if it is divided

Question 7

Bonnie used a new technique called empathy self-actualization last week with George. This week she asked George to compare how depressed he was before and after the new counseling technique. He said he was a lot less depressed after the counseling. Behavior analysts would call the approach to observation that Bonnie used to find out about his earlier depression __________ observation because he did not record it immediately.

Answer 7

self-report

Question 8

You cannot conclude that a treatment caused a difference when using a comparison design because it fails to rule out __________ explanations.

Answer 8

alternative

Question 9

Two single-subject experimental designs which rule out alternative explanations are the [a] and [b] designs.

Answer 9

reversal, multiple base-line

Question 10

Tommy studied 30% during baseline and 90% when praised. Marie studied 40% and 70% when praised. To decide is these are convincing differences you should ask: are the conditions [a] and [b]

Answer 10

stable;divided

Question 11

The method introduced during an experiment to modify the rate of a behavior is called the [a] The period of an experiment without treatment is called the [b]

Answer 11

treatment;baseline

Question 12

Here’s how you visually analyze any experiment. First, decide whether the conditions are [a] Second, decide if the conditions are [b] Third, decide whether the differences between conditions are [c] behavior to change. Fourth, decide whether the treatment [d] behavior to change.

Answer 12

a)divided
b)stable
c)convincing
d)cause

Question 13

Define visual analysis.

Answer 13

looking for convincing differences

Question 14

Data are not convincing if conditions are not both [a] and [b]

Answer 14

stable; divided

Question 15

The reversal design observes for three conditions: [a] [b] and [c]

Answer 15

baseline;treatment;reversal

Question 16

Behavior analysis is the science that studies [a] events that [b] behavior.

Answer 16

external;cause

Question 17

List three single-subject experimental designs that can rule out individual differences: [a] design, [b] design, and [c] design

Answer 17

multiple;reversal; comparison

Question 18

The problem with using people’s observations based on memory is that they are often [a] The problem with explaining behavior is that these events must still be [b]

Answer 18

inaccurate; explained

Question 19

The extent that the ratings of outside judges correlate with observations based on your behavioral definition is called __________.

Answer 19

social validity

Question 20

When you do an experiment, you compare behavior during treatment and baseline. To conclude that the treatment caused the difference, you must find divided and stable conditions and you must rule out __________ explanations.

Answer 20

alternative

Question 21

Explain the principle of single-subject experiments.

Answer 21

Use the same subject for baseline and treatment