Chapter 8: Quantitative Research Flashcards
Number of Contacts
- cross-sectional
- before-and-after
- longitudional study
Cross-sectional Studies
- epidemiological studies
- find out prevalence, attitude, problem of a phenomenon
- one contact with the study population
- 2 types: descriptive or analytical
Advantage Cross-sectional Studies
easy and cheap
Disadvantage Cross-sectional studies
- impossible to measure a change in a variable
Before-and-After Studies
- participants are studies before and after the experimental manipulation
- assess impact of an intervention
- pre-test prior manipulation
- post-test after
Advantage Before-After Studies
measure change
Disadvantage Before-After Studies
- sensitive to extraneous variables
- expensive
- miss participant in the 2nd round
- “maturation effect”: time between tests
- “reactive effect”: instrument
- “regression effect”: change in attitude
Longitudinal Study
- determine pattern of change in relation to time
- study same sample over time
3 subtypes of Longitudinal Study
- panel
- cohort
- retroactive
Preference Period of Study
- retrospective
- prospective
- retrospective - prospective
Retrospective
- relationship between current phenomenon and another from the past
- using data from the past
Prospective
- study a group of individuals for a defined period or until the occurrence of an event
- attempt to establish the onset of an event or what is likely to happen
- first time subjects are identified and then followed
Retrospective-Prospective
- designs information on earlier periods and participants are followed prospectively
Nature of Investigation
- Experimental
- Non-Experimental
- Quasi/Semi-Experimental
Types of experimental studies
- post experimental
- before and after experimental
- control group
- double control group
- comparative desig
- matched control experimental
- placebo design
Other Study Designs in Quantitative Studies
- online survey
- cross-over comparative experimental
- replicated cross-sectional design
- trend studies
- cohort studies
- panel studies
- blind studies
- double-blind studies
Replicated cross-sectional design
taking a sample of subjects at different stages of the intervention
Trend studies
changes in a phenomenon over period of time
cohort studies
common characteristics: year, birth
panel studies
similar to trend and cohort, but prospective and from same sample
