Chapter 8: Primate Evolution

Question 1

Adaptive radiations

Answer 1

Rapid diversification of single lineages into many species which may present unique morphological features in response to different ecological settings.

Question 2

Plesiadapiforms

Answer 2

Ancient archaic primates

Question 3

Euprimates

Answer 3

The earlier group of true primates

Question 4

Anthropoids

Answer 4

Monkeys and apes and humans

Question 5

Plesiomorphic

Answer 5

Anciently shaped

Question 6

Ancestral traits

Answer 6

The state of a beings morphological features

Question 7

Arboreal hypothesis

Answer 7

The many features of primates evolved to improve locomotion in trees- arboreal motion

Question 8

Diffuse coevolution

Answer 8

The mutually beneficial relationship between the angiosperms and the primates

Question 9

Strepsirrhines

Answer 9

Primates- Lemurs, lorises, and galagos (not tarsiers)

Question 10

Haplorhines

Answer 10

Group containing catarrhines, platyrrhines, and tarsiers

Question 11

Auditory bulla

Answer 11

The rounded bony floor of the middle ear cavity.

Question 12

Petrosal bone

Answer 12

Forms the auditory bulla

Question 13

Diastema

Answer 13

In the premolars resulting in a rodent like gap.

Question 14

Plagiaulacoid

Answer 14

Possess lower posterior molars that are laterally compressed with many small capsules; the blade like lower premolar might have cut across the capsules, between, or both.

Question 15

Stem

Answer 15

Taxa that are basal to a given crown group but are more closely related to the crown group than to the closest living group sister taxon of the crown group.

Question 16

Adapoidea

Answer 16

First universally accepted primates

Question 17

Omomyoidea

Answer 17

Primates that are one of the earliest groups of euprimates (true primates; earliest record in the early Eocene)

Question 18

Catarrhines

Answer 18

Primate- group with origins in Africa and Asia that contains monkey, apes, including humans

Question 19

Crown

Answer 19

Smallest monophylrtic group containing a specified set of extant taxa and all descendants of their last common ancestor.

Question 20

Tooth comb

Answer 20

Canine that is the hallmark of stressirrhinrs.

Question 21

Platyrrhines

Answer 21

Monkeys of americas

Question 22

Mandibular symphysis

Answer 22

Overall rusticity the chewing system overall large body size features that signal a diurnal lifestyle like relatively small eyes sockets and ankle, bone morphology, as well as canine sexual dysmorphism 

Question 23

Clades

Answer 23

Group containing all of the descendants of a single ancestor, a portion of phylogenetic tree represented as bifurcation (node) in a lineage, and all of the branches leading forward in time from that bifurcation. 

Question 24

Bilophodonty

Answer 24

Dental condition in which the cusps of molar teeth form ridges separated from each other by valleys