Ch 9 Early Hominins Flashcards
Aridification
Becoming increasingly arid or dry as related to the climate of the environment
Aridity hypothesis
The hypothesis that long-term aridification and expansion of Savannah biomes were drivers in diversification in early hominid evolution
Assemblage
A collection demonstrating a pattern often pertaining to a site or region
Bipedalism
The locomotor ability to walk on two legs
Brecia
Hard calcerous, sedimentary rock
Chronospecies
Species that are said to evolve into another species in a linear fashion overtime
Clade
A group of species or taxa with shared common ancestors
Cladistic
The field of grouping organisms into those was shared ancestry
Context
As pertaining to Paleo anthropology this term or first the place were an artifact or fossil is found
Cores
The Remains of a rock that has been flaked or knapped
Derived traits
Newly of all traits that differ from those scene in the ancestor
Early Stone Age
The earliest described archaeological. In which we start seeing stone tool technology.
East African rift system
This term is often used to refer to a rift valley, expanding from Malawi to Ethiopia. This active geological structure is responsible for much of the visibility of the Paleo anthropological record in east Africa.
Encephalization
Expansion of the brain
Extent
Currently living not extinct
Fallback foods
Foods that may not be preferred by an animal, but that are essential for survival and times of stress or scarcity
Fauna
The animals of a particular region habitat or geological period
Faunal assemblages
Collections of fossils of the animals found at a site
Faunal turnover
The rate at which species go extinct for our replaced with new species
Flake
The piece knocked off a stone core during the manufacturer of a tool, which may be used as a stone tool
Foliverous
Foliage eating
Forenum Magnum
The large hole at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord enters the school
Forenum Magnum
The large hole at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord enters the skull
Fossil
The remains for impression of an organism from the past
Frugivorous
Fruit eating
Generalist
A species that can thrive in a wide variety of habitats and can have a veried diet
Glacial
Colder dryer. During an Ice Age when there is more ice, trapped at the polls.
Gracile
Slender, less rugged or pronounced features
Hallux
The big toe
Holotype
A single specimen from which species or taxon is described or named
Hominin
L a private category that includes humans and our fossils relatives since our divergence from extant great apes
Honing P3
Sam and Deb Euler pre-molar alongside the canine which is angled to give space for and sharpen the upper canines
Hyper-robust
Even more of us than considered normal in the parenthropous gene
Hypodigm
A sample from which researchers extrapolate features of a population
Interglacial
Period of milder climate in between two glacial periods
Isotopes
Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them the same chemical properties, but different atomic masses
Last common ancestor LCA
The hypothetical final ancestor or ancestral population of two or more tax before their divergence
Lithic
Relating to stone
Lumbar lordosis
The N-word, curving of the lower lumbar parts of the spine, the lower curve in the human S-shaped spine
Lumpers
Researchers who preferred to lump variable specimens into a single species or taxon, and feel high levels of variation is biologically real
Megadont
An organism with extremely large dentition compared with body size
Metacarpals
The long bones of the hand that connect to the phalanges
Monophyletic
Attacks on a group of tax descended from a common ancestor that is not shared with another tax on or group
Morphology
The study of the size or form and shape of things in this case skeletal parts
Mosaic evolution
The concept of evolutionary changes do not occur, homogenously throughout the body and organisms
Obligate bipedalism
Where the primary form of locomotion for an organism is bipedal
Oldowan
Lower Paleolithic, the earliest stone to culture
Orthographic
The face below the eyes is relatively flat and does not jut out anteriorly
Paleo anthropologist
Researchers that study human evolution
Paleo environment
And Environment from a period and earths geological past
Phylogeny
 the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
Phylogeny
 the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms
Pliocene
A geological epoch between the Miocene and pleistocene
Polytipic
In reference to taxonomy having two or more group variance capable of interacting and breeding biologically, but having morphological population differences
Procumbent
 refers to the incisor, tilting forward
Quaternary Ice Age
Most recent geological time period which includes the place dosing and Holocene epochs, and which is defined by the cycle of increasing and decreasing ice sheets at the poles.
Relative dating
Dating techniques that referred to a temporal sequence and do not estimate actual or absolute dates
Specialist
Specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet
Splitters
Researchers who prefer to split a highly variable tax on into multiple groups of species
Taxa
Plural of tax on a taxonomic group such a species, genius or family
Taxonomy
The science of grouping and classifying organisms
Techno complex
A term encompassing multiple assemblages that share similar traits in terms of artifact production and morphology
Thermoregulation
Maintaining body temperature through physiologically cooling or warming the body
Ungulates
Hoof, mammals, cows, and Koodo
Volcanic tufts
Rock made from ash from volcanic eruptions in the past
Volcanic tufts
Rock made from ash from volcanic eruptions in the past
Valgus knee
The angle of the knee between the femur and tibia which allows for weight distribution to be angled closer to the point above the center of gravity in bipeds
