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Biological Anthropology > Ch 9 Early Hominins > Flashcards

Ch 9 Early Hominins Flashcards

1
Q

Aridification

A

Becoming increasingly arid or dry as related to the climate of the environment

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2
Q

Aridity hypothesis

A

The hypothesis that long-term aridification and expansion of Savannah biomes were drivers in diversification in early hominid evolution

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3
Q

Assemblage

A

A collection demonstrating a pattern often pertaining to a site or region

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4
Q

Bipedalism

A

The locomotor ability to walk on two legs

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5
Q

Brecia

A

Hard calcerous, sedimentary rock

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6
Q

Chronospecies

A

Species that are said to evolve into another species in a linear fashion overtime

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7
Q

Clade

A

A group of species or taxa with shared common ancestors

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8
Q

Cladistic

A

The field of grouping organisms into those was shared ancestry

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9
Q

Context

A

As pertaining to Paleo anthropology this term or first the place were an artifact or fossil is found

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10
Q

Cores

A

The Remains of a rock that has been flaked or knapped

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11
Q

Derived traits

A

Newly of all traits that differ from those scene in the ancestor

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12
Q

Early Stone Age

A

The earliest described archaeological. In which we start seeing stone tool technology.

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13
Q

East African rift system

A

This term is often used to refer to a rift valley, expanding from Malawi to Ethiopia. This active geological structure is responsible for much of the visibility of the Paleo anthropological record in east Africa.

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14
Q

Encephalization

A

Expansion of the brain

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15
Q

Extent

A

Currently living not extinct

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16
Q

Fallback foods

A

Foods that may not be preferred by an animal, but that are essential for survival and times of stress or scarcity

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17
Q

Fauna

A

The animals of a particular region habitat or geological period

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18
Q

Faunal assemblages

A

Collections of fossils of the animals found at a site

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19
Q

Faunal turnover

A

The rate at which species go extinct for our replaced with new species

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20
Q

Flake

A

The piece knocked off a stone core during the manufacturer of a tool, which may be used as a stone tool

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21
Q

Foliverous

A

Foliage eating

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22
Q

Forenum Magnum

A

The large hole at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord enters the school

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23
Q

Forenum Magnum

A

The large hole at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord enters the skull

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24
Q

Fossil

A

The remains for impression of an organism from the past

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25
Q

Frugivorous

A

Fruit eating

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26
Q

Generalist

A

A species that can thrive in a wide variety of habitats and can have a veried diet

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27
Q

Glacial

A

Colder dryer. During an Ice Age when there is more ice, trapped at the polls.

28
Q

Gracile

A

Slender, less rugged or pronounced features

29
Q

Hallux

A

The big toe

30
Q

Holotype

A

A single specimen from which species or taxon is described or named

31
Q

Hominin

A

L a private category that includes humans and our fossils relatives since our divergence from extant great apes

32
Q

Honing P3

A

Sam and Deb Euler pre-molar alongside the canine which is angled to give space for and sharpen the upper canines

33
Q

Hyper-robust

A

Even more of us than considered normal in the parenthropous gene

34
Q

Hypodigm

A

A sample from which researchers extrapolate features of a population

35
Q

Interglacial

A

Period of milder climate in between two glacial periods

36
Q

Isotopes

A

Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons, giving them the same chemical properties, but different atomic masses

37
Q

Last common ancestor LCA

A

The hypothetical final ancestor or ancestral population of two or more tax before their divergence

38
Q

Lithic

A

Relating to stone

39
Q

Lumbar lordosis

A

The N-word, curving of the lower lumbar parts of the spine, the lower curve in the human S-shaped spine

40
Q

Lumpers

A

Researchers who preferred to lump variable specimens into a single species or taxon, and feel high levels of variation is biologically real

41
Q

Megadont

A

An organism with extremely large dentition compared with body size

42
Q

Metacarpals

A

The long bones of the hand that connect to the phalanges

43
Q

Monophyletic

A

Attacks on a group of tax descended from a common ancestor that is not shared with another tax on or group

44
Q

Morphology

A

The study of the size or form and shape of things in this case skeletal parts

45
Q

Mosaic evolution

A

The concept of evolutionary changes do not occur, homogenously throughout the body and organisms

46
Q

Obligate bipedalism

A

Where the primary form of locomotion for an organism is bipedal

47
Q

Oldowan

A

Lower Paleolithic, the earliest stone to culture

48
Q

Orthographic

A

The face below the eyes is relatively flat and does not jut out anteriorly

49
Q

Paleo anthropologist

A

Researchers that study human evolution

50
Q

Paleo environment

A

And Environment from a period and earths geological past

51
Q

Phylogeny

A

 the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

52
Q

Phylogeny

A

 the study of evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

53
Q

Pliocene

A

A geological epoch between the Miocene and pleistocene

54
Q

Polytipic

A

In reference to taxonomy having two or more group variance capable of interacting and breeding biologically, but having morphological population differences

55
Q

Procumbent

A

 refers to the incisor, tilting forward

56
Q

Quaternary Ice Age

A

Most recent geological time period which includes the place dosing and Holocene epochs, and which is defined by the cycle of increasing and decreasing ice sheets at the poles.

57
Q

Relative dating

A

Dating techniques that referred to a temporal sequence and do not estimate actual or absolute dates

58
Q

Specialist

A

Specialist species can thrive only in a narrow range of environmental conditions or has a limited diet

59
Q

Splitters

A

Researchers who prefer to split a highly variable tax on into multiple groups of species

60
Q

Taxa

A

Plural of tax on a taxonomic group such a species, genius or family

61
Q

Taxonomy

A

The science of grouping and classifying organisms

62
Q

Techno complex

A

A term encompassing multiple assemblages that share similar traits in terms of artifact production and morphology

63
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Maintaining body temperature through physiologically cooling or warming the body

64
Q

Ungulates

A

Hoof, mammals, cows, and Koodo

65
Q

Volcanic tufts

A

Rock made from ash from volcanic eruptions in the past

66
Q

Volcanic tufts

A

Rock made from ash from volcanic eruptions in the past

67
Q

Valgus knee

A

The angle of the knee between the femur and tibia which allows for weight distribution to be angled closer to the point above the center of gravity in bipeds

Biological Anthropology (10 decks)

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