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P & P I > Chapter 8 PP > Flashcards

Chapter 8 PP Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two verify and record systems used at our clinical sites

A

aria & mosaiq

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2
Q

what are the two types of lasers

A

red or green helium (HeNE) neon lasers

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3
Q

which color laser projects more sharply

A

green

because they have a shorter wavelength causing less scatter on the skin

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4
Q

what is the type of couch currently used

A

carbon fiber

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5
Q

what was the previous couch that was used

A

mylar

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6
Q

which couch can you see through

A

mylar

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7
Q

POP field

A

parallel opposed portal

Lt/Rt lateral or AP/PA

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8
Q

tangents field

A

opposing field for supericial volumes on curved surfaces which has flash off of the patient

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9
Q

four field box field

A

fields are arranged 90 degrees from one another

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10
Q

arc therapy

A

radiation is delviered while the gantry moves through its arc of rotation

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11
Q

conformal treatment technique

A

delivers a uniform dose to structures in the beam path

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12
Q

IMRT treatment technique

A

delivers a nonuniform dose across the beam path

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13
Q

2 methods of IMRT

A

step and shoot

sliding window

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14
Q

VMAT (volumetric modulated arc therapy)

A

delivers IMRT vial rotational arc, multiple MLC positions and changing dose rate, further conforming dose delivery to the tumor volume and acoiding organs at risk

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15
Q

electron technique

A

superficial treatment

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16
Q

common prescription changes include change in: (4)

A

of factions
total dose
bolus
beam apertures

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17
Q

the rad therapist should review the prescription __________ each treatment as the oncologist may have made changes from the previous day

A

immediately before

18
Q

what should be reviewed in the treatment plan? (5)

A 
field sizes 
beam modifiers
depths (SSD)
dose measurement (diodes)
gantry angles
19
Q

examples of treatment techniques

A 
IMRT
3D conformal 
POP
four field box
tangents
20
Q

The point of intersection of three axes of machine rotation (gantry, collimator, and base of couch)

A

isocenter

21
Q

Are any fixed reference points against which other objects can be measured.

A

fiducial markers

22
Q

fiducial markers can be at the (3)

A

skins surface, fixed external to the patient, or internal

23
Q

Two images taken perpendicular to one another, with a 90 degree angle between them.

Ex. AP and Rt. Lateral, AP and Lt. Lateral, PA and Rt. Lateral, PA and Lt. Lateral

A

orthogonal images

24
Q

what imager is used for orthogonal images

A

KV

25
Q

what are orthogonal images used for

A

to verify isocenter

26
Q

__________ verify the BEV path, including the beam shape, position, and projection of the beams central axis

A

portal images

27
Q

what treatment beam is used for portal images

A

MV

28
Q

most sites do portal iamging _________

A

once a week

29
Q

At clinic will often take two exposures:

A

planned one and an open one (double exposure)

30
Q

______________ allows therapists to see surrounding anatomy, increasing the landmarks for interpretation

A

open exposure

31
Q

open exposure is made after the removal of

A

the field-shaping devices and the collimator jaw retraction

32
Q

When wedges are used, the _______ are typically positioned together.

A

heels

33
Q

Wedges reduce the dose in areas of overlap between fields that have a hinge angle less than ____.

A

180 degrees

34
Q

The thick end of the wedge is the heel and it attenuates the________ amount of radiation, drawing the isodose lines _______ to the surface.

A

greatest; closer

35
Q

The thin end of the wedge is called the_____ which is where the dose delivered to the patient will be relatively ______ than the dose at the opposite side of the treatment field.

A

toe

greater

36
Q

All beam-shaping and modification devices for photon beams must be secured a minimum of _____ from the surface of the patient.

why?

A

20 cm

The interaction of the photon beam with materials produces scatter electrons that contaminate the photon beam and produced increased skin does for patients. Low-energy electrons are absorbed in approximately 15cm of air.

37
Q

rather than a physical wedge being used, dynamic jaws and MLCs can be used to configure for movement through beam delivery accomplishing what a physical wedge would have done.

A

dynamic wedge

38
Q

the side of field at which the jaw starts its movement receives _______ exposure, correlating with the ________.

A

more

wedge toe

39
Q

In general, if something is placed in the path of the beam, the number of MUs will need to be ______ to deliver the prescribed dose

A

increased

40
Q

the _______ within the head of the gantry measures the radiation output

A

ion chamber

P & P I (24 decks)

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