Chapter 5 WS Flashcards
what is relative survival rate?
Compares survival among cancer patient with that of people not diagnosed with cancer. It represents the percentage of cancer patients who are alive after a designated time period (usually 5 years) relative to persons without cancer. It includes patients who have been cured and those who have relapsed or are still in treatment.
List the types of imaging modalities:
- nuclear medicine studies
- Positron emission tomography (PET),
- mammography,
- computed tomography (CT),
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
- ultrasound, and
- new molecular imaging technologies
- According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), what two things are the most important and effective strategies of saving lives from cancer, diminishing suffering and eliminating cancer as a major health problem.
prevention and early detection
List 7 cancers that the ACS has early detection recommendations for:
- breast
- colon,
- rectum,
- cervix,
- prostate,
- testes, and
- skin
- What is the relative survival rate for people with cancers for which the ACS has specific early detection recommendations?
81%
What is considered the most preventable cause of death in our society?
smoking
an objective finding as perceived by the examiner (ex. rash, mass that can be felt, unusual color of patient’s skin
sign
a subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient (ex. pain, numbness, dysphagia, dyspnea, difficulty sleeping, lack of appetite
symptom
Set of signs or symptoms that arise from a common cause.
syndrome
the identification of a disease or condition
diagnosis
based on the patient’s complaints and medical history and the physician may make a preliminary diagnosis with no hard evidence
subjective diagnosis
type of diagnosis that’s based on results from medical procedures and tests (ex. lab reports, biopsies)
objective diagnosis
“i see”
“i understand”
minimal response
“i se you are very angry”
“it is very scary”
reflecting feelings
“how bad did it hurt?”
“this only bothers you at night?”
clarifications
“you will feel better soon”
“done worry, everything will be alright”
social cliches
“you should not be having sex outside of marriage”
“someone your age should be more responsible”
imposing values
“i wish i had a nickle for every time i heard this”
“this is just part of the aging process”
devaluing the patients feelings or response
age, race, gender, marital status, and current occupation
demographic data
symptoms, current illness, and current condition
chief complaints
childhood illnesses, allergies, immunizations, injuries, prior hospitalizations, psychological problems, medication
medical history
illnesses, causes of death, genetic disorders, and mental disorders
family history
occupation, lifestyle, and sexual activity and preferences
personal history
What is the reason for obtaining demographic data?
Because certain disease conditions are found to be more prevalent for groups according to age, gender, race, and national origin.
what is Gastric Reflux?
the backflow of contents of the stomach into the esophagus
What is a paraneoplastic syndrome?
A collection of symptoms that result from substances or hormones produced by the tumor, and they occur remotely from the tumor. This sometimes occurs with lung cancer
3 cancers that may have a genetic risk.
Leukemia (may develop in more than one sibling), breast cancer (if mother had breast cancer, daughter may be at higher risk), Colon Cancer (increased risk if a family history)
what questions may be asked regarding a patient’s personal history?
Dietary, exercise, alcohol, cigarette, and drug habits. Also, sexual activity, frequency, and preferences. Past occupations.
What would the doctor be interested in the patient’s past occupations?
To determine if the patient was employed in an occupation that carried the risk of exposure to asbestos, disease, certain chemicals or other carcinogens.
the use of sight to observe
inspection
a swelling of the tissue caused by the accumulation of excessive amounts of fluid.
edema
The abnormal accumulation of blood factors in a blood vessel that causes a clot
thrombosis
The abnormal accumulation of blood in tissue from a blood vessel that has ruptured
hematoma
the use of touch to acquire info about the patient
palpation
The act of striking or tapping the patient gently Ex. making a fist and pounding it gently over the kidney area
percussion
The act of listening to sounds within the body. Ex. using a stethoscope to listen to lungs, heart, arteries, stomach, and bowel sounds.
ausculation
what is included in vital signs
Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure and a pain assessment
oral temp
96.8 - 98.6
pulse
60 - 100 bpm
respiration
12-18 breaths per minute
blood pressure
90-140 systolic, 60-80 diastolic
what is systolic bp
The pressure in the blood vessels during the contraction of the heart and is the first sound heard through a stethoscope when blood pressure is taken
what is diastolic bp
It represents the pressure in the blood vessels during the relaxation phase of heart after the contraction. It is the last sound heard through the stethoscope when the blood pressure is taken.
Where is the most common site for taking blood pressure
the upper arm near where the brachial artery crosses he elbow joint