Chapter 8 Part 1 Test Flashcards
Shortens the muscles and causes movement
Isotomic
Slight, constant contraction during consciousness
Tone
Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs
Isometric
Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement
Tetanus
“Stairstep” increase in contraction with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed
Summation
Multinucleated
Skeletal
Found in blood vessels and stomach
Smooth
Voluntary
Skeletal
Branched with intercalated discs
Cardiac
Spindle-shaped
Smooth
Cylindrical in shape; unbranched
Skeletal
Striated
Skeletal
Involuntary
Cardiac/smooth
Found in heart
Cardiac
Unstriated
Skeletal/cardiac
Usually attached to bones
Skeletal
Longest individual cells
Skeletal
Nonstriated
Smooth
Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during mucks contraction?
No
This is essential for maintaining posture
Tone
The third phase (period) of a muscle twitch contraction
Relaxation
These structures in the enlarged bulb of an axon provide energy to make Ach
Mitochondria
State of limpness in which muscle tone is lost
Flaccid
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
Sarcoplasm
This tissue is responsible for most of the heat production going in our body
Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscles have a ____ blood supply and a ____ nerve supply
Good/good
All the muscle fibers in a ____ must contract or relax together
Motor unit
The movement of these ions from the outside the sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along
Sodium ions
The ions are necessary to trigger muscle contraction
Calcium ions
Dietary supplement that some studies show may result in more lifting power
Creatine
The storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles
Glycogen
This anaerobic process provides enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity
Glycolysis
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
The source of energy for muscle contraction
ATP
Another name for an action potential
Nerve impulse
This is required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction
Oxygen
Another name for muscle cells
Muscle fibers
The cell membrane of muscle cells
Sarcolemma
Alternate light and dark bonds running through the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell
Striations
A single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies
Motor unit
A chemical necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle
Acetylcholine (Ach)
The time between the application of a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle
Latent period
Two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements
Isotonic/tetanus
The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
A brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus
Twitch
Most of the ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed
Sarcoplasmic treticulum
A stiffening of the muscles after death due to ca+2 leaking out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Rigor Mortis
Name the major functions of muscles
Movement, stabilize, body position, regulates organ volume, moving substances, heat production
The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscle
Ach
The thick myofilament that has enlarged heads to form cross bridges
Myosin
