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Physiology > Chapter 8 Part 1 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Part 1 Test Flashcards

0
Q

Shortens the muscles and causes movement

A

Isotomic

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1
Q

Slight, constant contraction during consciousness

A

Tone

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2
Q

Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs

A

Isometric

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3
Q

Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

“Stairstep” increase in contraction with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed

A

Summation

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5
Q

Multinucleated

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

Found in blood vessels and stomach

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Voluntary

A

Skeletal

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8
Q

Branched with intercalated discs

A

Cardiac

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9
Q

Spindle-shaped

A

Smooth

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10
Q

Cylindrical in shape; unbranched

A

Skeletal

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11
Q

Striated

A

Skeletal

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12
Q

Involuntary

A

Cardiac/smooth

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13
Q

Found in heart

A

Cardiac

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14
Q

Unstriated

A

Skeletal/cardiac

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15
Q

Usually attached to bones

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

Longest individual cells

A

Skeletal

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17
Q

Nonstriated

A

Smooth

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18
Q

Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during mucks contraction?

A

No

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19
Q

This is essential for maintaining posture

A

Tone

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20
Q

The third phase (period) of a muscle twitch contraction

A

Relaxation

21
Q

These structures in the enlarged bulb of an axon provide energy to make Ach

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

State of limpness in which muscle tone is lost

A

Flaccid

23
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

24
Q

This tissue is responsible for most of the heat production going in our body

A

Muscle tissue

25
Q

Skeletal muscles have a ____ blood supply and a ____ nerve supply

A

Good/good

26
Q

All the muscle fibers in a ____ must contract or relax together

A

Motor unit

27
Q

The movement of these ions from the outside the sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along

A

Sodium ions

28
Q

The ions are necessary to trigger muscle contraction

A

Calcium ions

29
Q

Dietary supplement that some studies show may result in more lifting power

A

Creatine

30
Q

The storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles

A

Glycogen

31
Q

This anaerobic process provides enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity

A

Glycolysis

32
Q

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendon

33
Q

The source of energy for muscle contraction

A

ATP

34
Q

Another name for an action potential

A

Nerve impulse

35
Q

This is required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction

A

Oxygen

36
Q

Another name for muscle cells

A

Muscle fibers

37
Q

The cell membrane of muscle cells

A

Sarcolemma

38
Q

Alternate light and dark bonds running through the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Striations

39
Q

A single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies

A

Motor unit

40
Q

A chemical necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle

A

Acetylcholine (Ach)

41
Q

The time between the application of a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle

A

Latent period

42
Q

Two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements

A

Isotonic/tetanus

43
Q

The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

44
Q

A brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus

A

Twitch

45
Q

Most of the ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed

A

Sarcoplasmic treticulum

46
Q

A stiffening of the muscles after death due to ca+2 leaking out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Rigor Mortis

47
Q

Name the major functions of muscles

A

Movement, stabilize, body position, regulates organ volume, moving substances, heat production

48
Q

The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscle

A

Ach

49
Q

The thick myofilament that has enlarged heads to form cross bridges

A

Myosin

Physiology (16 decks)

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