Chapter 8 Part 1 Test Flashcards

0
Q

Shortens the muscles and causes movement

A

Isotomic

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1
Q

Slight, constant contraction during consciousness

A

Tone

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2
Q

Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs

A

Isometric

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3
Q

Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement

A

Tetanus

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4
Q

“Stairstep” increase in contraction with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed

A

Summation

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5
Q

Multinucleated

A

Skeletal

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6
Q

Found in blood vessels and stomach

A

Smooth

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7
Q

Voluntary

A

Skeletal

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8
Q

Branched with intercalated discs

A

Cardiac

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9
Q

Spindle-shaped

A

Smooth

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10
Q

Cylindrical in shape; unbranched

A

Skeletal

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11
Q

Striated

A

Skeletal

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12
Q

Involuntary

A

Cardiac/smooth

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13
Q

Found in heart

A

Cardiac

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14
Q

Unstriated

A

Skeletal/cardiac

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15
Q

Usually attached to bones

A

Skeletal

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16
Q

Longest individual cells

A

Skeletal

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17
Q

Nonstriated

A

Smooth

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18
Q

Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during mucks contraction?

A

No

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19
Q

This is essential for maintaining posture

A

Tone

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20
Q

The third phase (period) of a muscle twitch contraction

A

Relaxation

21
Q

These structures in the enlarged bulb of an axon provide energy to make Ach

A

Mitochondria

22
Q

State of limpness in which muscle tone is lost

23
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

24
This tissue is responsible for most of the heat production going in our body
Muscle tissue
25
Skeletal muscles have a ____ blood supply and a ____ nerve supply
Good/good
26
All the muscle fibers in a ____ must contract or relax together
Motor unit
27
The movement of these ions from the outside the sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along
Sodium ions
28
The ions are necessary to trigger muscle contraction
Calcium ions
29
Dietary supplement that some studies show may result in more lifting power
Creatine
30
The storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles
Glycogen
31
This anaerobic process provides enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity
Glycolysis
32
Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Tendon
33
The source of energy for muscle contraction
ATP
34
Another name for an action potential
Nerve impulse
35
This is required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction
Oxygen
36
Another name for muscle cells
Muscle fibers
37
The cell membrane of muscle cells
Sarcolemma
38
Alternate light and dark bonds running through the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell
Striations
39
A single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies
Motor unit
40
A chemical necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle
Acetylcholine (Ach)
41
The time between the application of a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle
Latent period
42
Two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements
Isotonic/tetanus
43
The connection between a nerve fiber and a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
44
A brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus
Twitch
45
Most of the ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed
Sarcoplasmic treticulum
46
A stiffening of the muscles after death due to ca+2 leaking out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Rigor Mortis
47
Name the major functions of muscles
Movement, stabilize, body position, regulates organ volume, moving substances, heat production
48
The neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscle
Ach
49
The thick myofilament that has enlarged heads to form cross bridges
Myosin