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Physiology > Chapter 16&17 > Flashcards

Chapter 16&17 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?

A

Chemoreceptors

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1
Q

Where is the cardiovascular center located?

A

Medulla

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2
Q

A _____ blood vessels with a ____ diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long, short

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____ _____ to the _____ ___

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content?

A

Pulmonary veins

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5
Q

From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart

A

Systematic

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7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the GI tract?

A

Hepatic portal

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8
Q

______ _______ the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins

Closest to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily to due which factor?

A

Friction between blood walls

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10
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs?

A

Ductus pretinousus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the _____ would cause the heart rate to decrease

A

Vagus nerve

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13
Q

In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A

Foramen Orale

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14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscles fibers ____ in size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as _____ immunity

A

Innate

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional?

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ _____ to the______ ______

A

Right
Atrium
Right
Pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Carry blood away from heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with fastest flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waster between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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23
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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24
Q

Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells

A

Capillaries

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25
Q

Vessels with the smallest internal diameter

A

Capillaries

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26
Q

Vessels with a very thin muscle layer

A

Veins

27
Q

Vessels that exhibit a pulse

A

Arteries

28
Q

Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body

A

Capillaries

29
Q

Known as “exchange vessels”

A

Capillaries

30
Q

What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly?

A

T-cells

31
Q

What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary

32
Q

Blood pressure is measured by listening for constricted _____ to “pop” open

A

Artery

33
Q

The backward flow if fluid in veins and lymphatics is presented by _____.

A

Valves

34
Q

The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells

A

Transport

35
Q

Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?

A

Middle

36
Q

Venous blood reruns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contractions

A

Breathing

37
Q

Name several blood vessels commonly used to rise the pulse

A 
Radial
Dorsal 
Popliteal 
Carotid 
Brachial
38
Q

What are the two main methods of capillary exchange?

A

Flirtation & reabsorption

39
Q

Blood pressure is read with a ______

A

Sphygmomanometer

40
Q

Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to____, then to_____.

A

Arteries

41
Q

What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?

A

Capillaries

42
Q

The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called _____ blood pressure

A

Systolic

43
Q

The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows

A

Lumen

44
Q

Lymph is very similar to this body fluid

A

Interstitial

45
Q

Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body

A

Veins

46
Q

Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal

A

108/68

47
Q

Which type of blood vessels is referred to as a blood reservoir?

A

Veins

48
Q

The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber

A

Left atrium

49
Q

The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure

A

Placenta

50
Q

Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to

A

Blood viscosity, and blood vessels

51
Q

At rest most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels

A

Radius veins

52
Q

In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance

A

Vessel length

53
Q

A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body

A

Antigen

54
Q

Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure?

A

Baroreceptors

55
Q

Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses

A

Ineferons

56
Q

Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here

A

Carotid artery

57
Q

List some functions of the lymphatic system

A

Drain, immune response, interstitial fluid, transport lipids from GI to blood

58
Q

All lymph in the body is eventually returned ro the blood in this vessel

A

Subclavian vein

59
Q

Slow resting heart rate

A

Bradycardia

60
Q

Saclike dilation of the artery wall

A

Aneurysm

61
Q

Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves

A

Varicose veins

62
Q

Inflammation of vein

A

Phlebitis

63
Q

Low oxygen availability

A

Hypoxia

64
Q

Persistently high blood pressure

A

Hypertension

65
Q

Rapid resting heart rate

A

Tachycardia

Physiology (16 decks)

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