Chapter 16&17 Flashcards
What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries?
Chemoreceptors
Where is the cardiovascular center located?
Medulla
A _____ blood vessels with a ____ diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow
Long, short
Pulmonary circulation goes from the ____ _____ to the _____ ___
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Which blood vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content?
Pulmonary veins
From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch?
Aorta
Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart
Systematic
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the GI tract?
Hepatic portal
______ _______ the heart have the lowest blood pressure
Veins
Closest to
Vascular resistance is primarily to due which factor?
Friction between blood walls
When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated?
Systolic
In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs?
Ductus pretinousus
Stimulation of the _____ would cause the heart rate to decrease
Vagus nerve
In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium?
Foramen Orale
With aging, cardiac muscles fibers ____ in size
Decrease
Defenses of the body that are present at birth are referred to as _____ immunity
Innate
The fetal circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional?
Respiratory
As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the ____ _____ to the______ ______
Right
Atrium
Right
Pulmonary trunk
Carry blood away from heart
Arteries
Vessels with high blood pressure
Arteries
Vessels with fastest flow
Arteries
Vessels that exchange food and waster between blood and tissues
Capillaries
Vessels with slowest blood flow
Capillaries
Vessels with a thick muscle layer
Arteries
Vessels with very thin walls; only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
Vessels with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
Known as “exchange vessels”
Capillaries
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly?
T-cells
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
Blood pressure is measured by listening for constricted _____ to “pop” open
Artery
The backward flow if fluid in veins and lymphatics is presented by _____.
Valves
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells
Transport
Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?
Middle
Venous blood reruns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contractions
Breathing
Name several blood vessels commonly used to rise the pulse
Radial Dorsal Popliteal Carotid Brachial
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange?
Flirtation & reabsorption
Blood pressure is read with a ______
Sphygmomanometer
Blood typically flows from the heart first to ____, then to____, then to_____.
Arteries
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue?
Capillaries
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called _____ blood pressure
Systolic
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Lumen
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal
108/68
Which type of blood vessels is referred to as a blood reservoir?
Veins
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
Name some factors that vascular resistance is related to
Blood viscosity, and blood vessels
At rest most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels
Radius veins
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance
Vessel length
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure?
Baroreceptors
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Ineferons
Baroreceptors to monitor pressure of blood going to the brain are located here
Carotid artery
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drain, immune response, interstitial fluid, transport lipids from GI to blood
All lymph in the body is eventually returned ro the blood in this vessel
Subclavian vein
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Aneurysm
Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
Persistently high blood pressure
Hypertension
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
