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ap gov archive > chapter 8: opinion, voting > Flashcards

chapter 8: opinion, voting Flashcards

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0
Q

The distribution of individual preferences for or evaluations of a given issue, candidate, or institution within a specific population

A

Public opinion

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1
Q

Interviews conducted to learn candidate preference and the issue positions of potential voters

A

Canvass

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2
Q

The portion of the population which holds a particular opinion

A

Distribution

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3
Q

How is public opinion collected?

A

Polls and surveys

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4
Q

Every individual has a known chance of being selected for a survey

A

Random sample

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5
Q

What is the general margin of error?

A

3 percent in any direction

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6
Q

Why is writing accurate polls so difficult?

A

The wording of the questions can influence the answers

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7
Q

Questions which permit respondents to answer in their own words

A

Open ended questions

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8
Q

Why are open ended questions the most effective?

A

Respondents can express their views more clearly and provide deeper insight.

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9
Q

What 4 things, in addition to the data, must a scientific poll report?

A

1) sample size
2) margin of error
3) time questioned
4) place

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10
Q

When a substantial percentage agrees, it’s called a _______.

A

Consensus

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11
Q

When opposing sides feel intensely about an issue, it’s called _______.

A

Polarizing

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12
Q

2 examples of polarizing issues

A

The Vietnam War

Gay marriage

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13
Q

3 factors which make public opinion are

A

Intensity
Latency
Salience

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14
Q

Public opinions which exist, but may not have been fully expressed

A

Latency

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15
Q

Why would leaders want to know latent opinions?

A

They will know how to mobilize people and draw them to the polls

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16
Q

Example of latent opinion in US

A

Desire for security against foreign enemies

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17
Q

The extent to which people believe issues are relevant to them

A

Salience

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18
Q

Salient issues in the 70s

A

Vietnam and watergate

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19
Q

Salient issues now

A

Health care, education, and war in the Middle East

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20
Q

The process by which we develop our political attitudes

A

Political socialization

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21
Q

A consciousness of the nation and of belonging to that entity

A

Nationalism

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22
Q

What percent of Americans know the name of their congressional candidates?

A

15

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23
Q

What percent of Americans make up the attentive public?

A

25

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24
Q

Citizens who follow public affairs closely

A

Attentive public

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25
Q

Political know nothings

A

About 67% of Americans, who are interests in politics only sometimes and who rarely vote

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26
Q

Those who participate selectively in elections, usually only presidential elections

A

Part time citizens, 40% of population

27
Q

How can people in totalitarian governments participate in politics?

A

Violently via revolution

28
Q

Why was the 2000 election controversial?

A

The vote count in Florida was too close to call

29
Q

What effect did the 2000 election have on voting technology?

A

An upgrade in voting technology and a banning of punchcard ballots on Florida

30
Q

Most typical political activity

A

Voting

31
Q

First state to allow women to vote

A

New Jersey

32
Q

System designed to reduce voter fraud by limiting voting to those who have established eligibility by submitting the proper form

A

Voter registration

33
Q

A secret ballot printed by the state

A

Australian ballot

34
Q

Who prepared ballots in the 1800s? What color were they?

A

The parties; there was a different color for every party

35
Q

What state does not require voter registration?

A

North Dakota

36
Q

What is the nickname for the National Voter Registration Act? When was it passed?

A

Motor Voter; 1993

37
Q

Bill which established voter registration while applying for or renewing driver’s license

A

Motor Voter act

38
Q

How often is voter registration purged? Why?

A

4 years from registration; to allow for death and change of residence

39
Q

What do primary elections determine?

A

Party nominees

40
Q

Elections to replace senators who have died or resigned.

A

Special elections

41
Q

Elections held on off numbered calendar years

A

Off year elections

42
Q

Proportion of voting aged public who votes

A

Turnout

43
Q

How does nonvoting create a class bias?

A

The upperclass tends to vote most, so policies tend to reflect their interests

44
Q

3 main factors of voting choices

A

Party identification
Candidate appeal
Issues

45
Q

Party identification

A

A psychological sense of attachment to one party or another

46
Q

Since 1952, which party has had the most Presidential winners?

A

Republican

47
Q

Nominally, what is the largest party?

A

Democrat

48
Q

How voters feel about a candidate’s background, personality, and leadership ability

A

Candidate appeal

49
Q

Why did Eisenhower have so much candidate appeal?

A

Popular general and war hero, charm, moderate, lack of strong party position

50
Q

Least important factor in the decision process; why?

A

Issues, candidates often obscure where they stand so they can appeal to more people

51
Q

Most important factor in the decision process

A

Candidate appeal

52
Q

Voting based in what a candidate pledges to do in the future about an issue if elected

A

Prospective issue voting

53
Q

Holding the incumbent party responsible for past performances on issues

A

Retrospective issue voting

54
Q

An example of a stable opinion

A

Death penalty

55
Q

Opinions that don’t change over a person’s lifetime

A

Stable

56
Q

When do fluid opinions change?

A

With every event and issue

57
Q

An example of a fluid opinion

A

Approval of the president

58
Q

An example of a latent opinion

A

Selective service

59
Q

Informal polls

A

Straw polls

60
Q

Mentality emphasized during campaign based on who is winning, not what they stand for

A

Horse race

61
Q

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 eliminate?

A

Literacy tests to vote

62
Q

What was the record voting turnout? When?

A

56% in 2008

63
Q

Why is voter turnout over 90% in Western European countries?

A

Compulsion penalties

64
Q

What day of the week are elections held on?

A

Tuesday

65
Q

What factor most makes people likely to vote

A

A high level of education

66
Q

Opinions you aren’t aware if until they’re aroused.

A

Latent opinions

ap gov archive (22 decks)

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