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ap gov archive > chapter 11: interest groups > Flashcards

chapter 11: interest groups Flashcards

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0
Q

Bill which was passed in 2003 despite intense conflict

A

Prescription Drug Bill of 2003

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1
Q

Why is consensus harder to reach than ever?

A

Moderates are being replaced by more ideological politicians

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2
Q

Cap on the number of House members

A

435

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3
Q

2 requirements to be a member of the House of Representatives

A

At least 25 years old, citizen for 7 years

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4
Q

Requirements to be a senator

A

At least 30 years old, citizen for 9 years

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5
Q

Why do senators have higher requirements and longer terms?

A

To check the more unpredictable house

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6
Q

Why didn’t the constitution have term limits?

A

The term limits in the Articles of Confederation had forced good statesmen out

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7
Q

What is the best stand for a congress hopeful to take in their campaign?

A

Fighting against the institution of Congress

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8
Q

How many House members is each state guaranteed?

A

1

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9
Q

How many people are represented in each House district?

A

650,000

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10
Q

The assigning of congressional seats after each census

A

Reapportionment

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11
Q

Who approves reapportionment in most states?

A

Governor

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12
Q

Which states approve reapportionment by commissions?

A

Arizona and Iowa

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13
Q

The redrawing of congressional district lines following the census to accommodate population shifts

A

Redistricting

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14
Q

The assigning of congressional seats after each census

A

Reapportionment

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15
Q

The drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent

A

Gerrymandering

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16
Q

For whom was gerrymandering named?

A

1811 Massachusetts governor, Eldbridge Gerry

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17
Q

Designed to concentrate a minority party’s votes in the smallest number of districts possible

A

Packing

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18
Q

Who gerrymanders today?

A

Sophisticated computer programs

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19
Q

Designed to disperse a party’s votes into as many districts as possible, weakening their influence

A

Cracking

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20
Q

Time period when everyone seves

A

Term

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21
Q

When do new terms begin?

A

January 3rd of odd numbered years

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22
Q

The end of a term

A

Adjournment

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23
Q

Tax bill

A

Revenue bill

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24
Q

Statewide elections

A

At large elections

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25
Q

Most important organizational feature of the US Congress.

A

Bicameralism

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26
Q

An elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party’s candidate is almost taken for granted.

A

Safe seat

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27
Q

The current holders of an elected office

A

Incumbents

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28
Q

In the 2004 Congressional election, what was the spending difference between winners and losers?

A

4:1

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29
Q

State with the most expensive Congressional campaigns

A

South Dakota

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30
Q

Why were bicameral legislatures common in colonial government?

A

Framers believed the arrangement was essential for preventing strong willed majorities from controlling and oppressing minorities

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31
Q

The powers explicitly given to Congress

A

Enumerated powers

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32
Q

Elastic clause

A

Congress can create all laws deemed necessary and proper for national welfare

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33
Q

What are the grounds of impeachment?

A

High Crimes and Misdemeanors

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34
Q

What role does the Senate play in making treaties?

A

Advise and consent

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35
Q

What portion of Senate’s vote is required to ratify a treaty?

A

2/3

36
Q

Revenue bills must originate from which branch of Congress?

A

House

37
Q

3 factors which have made president more important than Congress in the eyes of the people

A

1) National security responsibilities
2) Media visibility
3) Preparation of the budget

38
Q

How many votes are required to end a debate in the senate?

A

60

39
Q

How can the House generate immediate action?

A

Unanimous vote

40
Q

What is it called when the House has a unanimous vote?

A

Committee of the Whole

41
Q

the smallest number of people who must be present at a meeting in order for decisions to be made.

A

Quorum

42
Q

The presiding officer in the House

A

Speaker

43
Q

How is the Speaker of the House chosen?

A

Formally elected in the House, but actually selected by the majority party

44
Q

The legislative leader selected by the majority party who helps plan party strategy and keep members in line

A

Majority leader

45
Q

The legislative leader selected by the minority party as a spokesperson for the opposition

A

Minority leader

46
Q

Party leader who is the liaison between the leadership and the rank-and-file in the legislature

A

Whip

47
Q

A meeting of the members of party in a legislative chamber to select party leaders and to develop party policy

A

Party caucus

48
Q

What do Republicans call party caucuses?

A

A conference

49
Q

A procedural rule in the House that prohibits any amendments to bills

A

Closed rule

50
Q

A procedural rule in the House that permits floor amendments within the overall time allocated to the bill

A

Open rule

51
Q

How many votes per year do congress members usually cast?

A

1,000

52
Q

What factor is most likely to influence a congressman’s voting pattern?

A

Policy and philosophical convictions

53
Q

Consistently rated most liberal senator

A

Barbara Boxer

54
Q

Rated most conservative senator

A

Pat Roberts

55
Q

Where do most liberals in congress originate?

A

Western states

56
Q

Where do most conservative congress members originate?

A

The south

57
Q

What percentage of constituents have not contacted their congressmembers?

A

70%

58
Q

Why do congressmembers typically follow demands of their constituents?

A

Concern over reelection

59
Q

When congressmembers look to colleagues for advice on how to vote, who are they likely to seek?

A

Friends who worked on the bill

60
Q

Why has congress expanded staff?

A

Increasingly demanding schedules of congressmen, as well as complex issues

61
Q

What branch of congress has the highest number of staff? Why?

A

Senate; because they have less senators to split the budget between

62
Q

What kind of work is done in district offices?

A

Generating favorable publicity, arranging appearances, scheduling, and contacting important leaders in the region

63
Q

What do congressional staff members typically do?

A

Draft bills, do research, negotiate, build coalitions

64
Q

Why are congressional staff so influential?

A

They have direct access to members of congress

65
Q

7 Factors which influence the way a congressmember votes on issues

A

1) policy and philosophical convictions
2) voters
3) colleagues
4) congressional staff
5) party
6) interest groups
7) the president

66
Q

What percentage of House Republicans voted to impeach Clinton?

A

98%

67
Q

When did partisan voting become popular in congress?

A

The 1970s

68
Q

Which branch of congress has a stronger alignment to parties?

A

The House

69
Q

How do interest groups influence congressional votes?

A

They provide information for making laws as well as help finance campaigns for those who will let them make more laws

70
Q

When are interest groups especially effective?

A

When they mobilize grassroots movements

71
Q

When do presidents have the most influence over congressional votes?

A

In times of foreign conflict, when the public rallies around them.

72
Q

How many bills were introduced in 2003?

A

7,000

73
Q

How many bills passed in 2003?

A

174

74
Q

4 steps of a bill becoming law

A

Introduction, committee review, floor debate, presidential approval

75
Q

Box where bills are placed

A

Hopper

76
Q

Who can introduce a bill?

A

Only a member of the house or senate

77
Q

Who evaluates a bill after it has been introduced?

A

The committee specializing in that area

78
Q

How many committees was President Bush’s homeland security bill evaluated by?

A

10

79
Q

Largest government reorganization since 1937

A

The creation of the Department of Homeland security

80
Q

What is the legislative record?

A

A record of everything that is discussed in a committee

81
Q

What is the purpose of the legislative record?

A

Helps the president and federal courts interpret what Congress intended

82
Q

Cleaning up the wording or amending a bill

A

Mark up

83
Q

Petition that, if signed the a majority of the members of the house, will pry a bill from committee and bring it to the floor

A

Discharge petition

84
Q

Does the senate have discharge petitions?

A

No

85
Q

When is the busiest time of the year for bill passage?

A

The end of the congressional session; late September-October

86
Q

How long does a bill have to pass before it is killed?

A

2 years

87
Q

If a bill is passed in both houses, what must happen?

A

Reconciliation, when the two versions of the bill are put together

88
Q

Pocket veto

A

When congress is adjourned and the president does not sign a law in 10 days, it does not become law

ap gov archive (22 decks)

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