chapter 4: culture and ideology

Question 0

Laws should apply to the future, not punish someone who did something in the past

Answer 0

Prospectivity

Question 1

Laws should be stated generally, not singling out any group or individual

Answer 1

Generality

Question 2

Laws cannot be kept secret, then enforced

Answer 2

Publicity

Question 3

Valid laws are made by those with legitimate power, and the people legitimate that power through popular consent

Answer 3

Authority

Question 4

Laws must be enforced impartially with fair practices

Answer 4

Due process

Question 5

people coming together, listening to each other, exchanging ideas, learning to appreciate differences; builds community and relationships

Answer 5

Social capital

Question 6

Beliefs and attitudes about the role of gov’t

Answer 6

Ideology

Question 7

Effect of 9/11 on civic engagement

Answer 7

Drastic increase

Question 8

Most revered American value

Answer 8

Liberty

Question 9

Widely shared beliefs

Answer 9

Political Culture

Question 10

In what political doctrine is equality of opportunity written?

Answer 10

Declaration of Independence

Question 11

Americans generally shun aristocracy

Answer 11

Social equality

Question 12

Each individual has equal right to protection under the law and equal voting power

Answer 12

Political equality

Question 13

Why were programs like Head Start and public schools created?

Answer 13

To promote equality of opportunity

Question 14

Three American writers who famously promoted a belief in the common man.

Answer 14

Walt Whitman, Carl Sandburg, Mark Twain

Question 15

Agreement of fundamental principles of governance and the values which underlie them

Answer 15

Democratic consensus

Question 16

Ultimate power rests with the people

Answer 16

Popular sovereignty

Question 17

Most important expression of popular consent

Answer 17

Elections

Question 18

Government based on a body of law applied equally with just procedures

Answer 18

Rule of Law

Question 19

What does the writing above the entrance to the Supreme Court read?

Answer 19

“Equal Justice Under Law”

Question 20

Who was attributed with calling American system a “government of laws, not men”

Answer 20

Chief Justice John Marshall

Question 21

How does the family teach children political culture?

Answer 21

Children are taught at a young age what it means to be an American

Question 22

4 ways in which public schools teach about political culture

Answer 22

1) Pledge of Allegiance
2) History classes
3) Government curriculum
4) School elections

Question 23

Complex set of ideals in the land of opportunity

Answer 23

The American Dream

Question 24

What role does private property play in political culture?

Answer 24

Cements capitalism and fuels the American Dream

Question 25

Individuals reap large rewards for initiative and hard work

Answer 25

Competitive economy

Question 26

Everyone earns a decent living

Answer 26

Egalitarian society

Question 27

The shift from an agrarian society to an Industrial one around 1900

Answer 27

Industrial Revolution

Question 28

What kind of economy did the Great Depression lead to?

Answer 28

Mixed free enterprise

Question 29

What document did the New Deal produce?

Answer 29

Roosevelt’s Second Bill of Rights

Question 30

Domination of an industry by a single company by fixing prices and discouraging competition

Answer 30

Monopoly

Question 31

Federal Laws the prevent a monopoly from dominating an industry and restraining trade

Answer 31

Anti-trust legislation

Question 32

An economic system characterized by private property, competitive markets, economic incentives, and limited government involvement in the production and pricing of goods and services

Answer 32

Capitalism

Question 33

A belief in the positive uses of government to bring about justice of equality and opportunity

Answer 33

Liberalism

Question 34

A belief that limited government ensures order, competitive markets, and personal opportunity

Answer 34

Conservatism

Question 35

An economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange

Answer 35

Socialism

Question 36

An ideology that is dominated by concern for the environment but also promotes grassroots democracy, social justice, equal opportunity, nonviolence, and feminism

Answer 36

Environmentalism

Question 37

An ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on a sharply limited government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and absence of regulation in moral and social spheres

Answer 37

Libertarianism

Question 38

What percentage of voters are truly Independent?

Answer 38

12%

Question 39

What is an argument against liberalism?

Answer 39

Too much reliance on governmental solutions, higher taxes, and bureaucracy.

Question 40

What do liberals value?

Answer 40

Equal access to healthcare, housing, and education; taxes which rise with income

Question 41

2 famous liberals

Answer 41

Hilary Clinton, Truman

Question 42

What do conservatives value?

Answer 42

Small government, strong leadership, strict moral codes

Question 43

What is an argument against conservatism?

Answer 43

They only favor government action when it serves them (ex: abortion regulation, but not income taxes for the wealthy)

Question 44

2 Famous Environmentalists

Answer 44

Ralph Nader and John Kerry