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CompTia ITF+ > Chapter 8 - Networking Concepts > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Networking Concepts Flashcards

2.4, 2.5, 2.7, 2.8

1
Q

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

A

a company or organization that provides individuals, businesses, and other entities with access to the Internet

  • Connection Types: Fiber Optic, Cable, DSL, Satellite, Cellular
  • Technologies vary in throughput speed, price, and availability
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2
Q

Fiber Optic

A
  • wired
  • Fastest
  • Expensive
  • Less available in rural areas
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3
Q

Cable

A
  • wired
  • fast
  • uses cable television infrastructure
  • moderate cost
  • moderate coverage area
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4
Q

Cellular

A
  • wireless
  • uses cell tower
  • expensive
  • moderate coverage area
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5
Q

Volatile Storage

A

a type of storage that requires a continuous power supply to retain data random access memory RAM

  • power is cut off or system is turned off the data storage is lost
  • making it temporary
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6
Q

Non-volatile Storage

A

a type of storage that retains data even when power is lost or the system is turned off

  • hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical disks, and flash drives
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7
Q

Local Device Storage

A

Local device storage encompasses hardware components used to store data on a computer device locally, as opposed to remotely or on another device

  • RAM
  • Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
  • Solid State Drives (SSD)
  • Optical Drives
  • Flash Drives
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8
Q

Network

A

two or more computing devices linked together by some form of transmission medium that enables them to share information

  • The Mail Delivery System
  • Telephone System
  • Social Networking
  • The Internet
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9
Q

Computer data network

A

is a collection of hosts connected by networking devices such as computers, printers and smart devices

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10
Q

Local Network Storage

A

refers to the various types of storage systems that are accessible over a local area network connection, allowing multiple devices to share and access stored data

  • File Servers
  • Network Attached Storage (NAS)
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11
Q

Cloud Storage

A

refers to the practice of storing and managing data on remote servers accessed over the internet. It involves using the infrastructure of a cloud service provider, which maintains large-scale data centers to store and protect the data of individuals and organizations

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12
Q

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored magnetically on a spinning disk

  • low cost
  • Moving parts increase failure rate
  • Slower than solid state drive (SDD)
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13
Q

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored on non-volatile flash memory chips

  • faster than hard disk drive (HDD)
  • no moving parts
  • silent operation
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14
Q

Optical Drive

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored optically on a spinning disk

  • compact disc (CD)
  • Digital Versatile Discs (DVD)
  • Blu-Ray Disc (BD)
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15
Q

Flash Drive

A

a type of portable storage device where digital data is stored on non-volatile flash memory chips

  • same storage technology as an SSD
  • Local device storage designed to be portable
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16
Q

File Server

A

a type of local network storage in which a general computing device provides centralized storage and file-sharing capabilities to multiple users on a network

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17
Q

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A

a type of local network storage in which a dedicated computing device provides centralized storage and file-sharing capabilities to multiple users on a network

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18
Q

Cloud Storage

A

the practice of storing and managing data on remote servers accessed over the internet

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19
Q

Read

A

retrieving information from a storage device, and bringing it into the computer’s system memory for processing

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20
Q

Write

A

storing our updating information on a storage device, allowing you to modify existing data or add new data

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21
Q

Protocol

A

refers to a set of rules and standards that govern the exchange of information between devices or system

  • defines how data is transmitted, received, interpreted and acted upon during communication
  • without this communication across networks would be chaotic and prone to errors
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22
Q

Local Area Network (LAN)

A

a wired network that covers a small geographical area, typically within a building, small office or home

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23
Q

Wide Area Network (WAN)

A

a network that spans a large geographical area typically connecting multiple LANs or remote locations this is used to connect networks across cities, countries, or even continents

  • enable long-distance communications and data exchange
  • Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
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24
Q

Network Packets

A

are like small envelopes that carry chunks of data across a computer network when you send or receive information over a LAN or WAN network it’s divided into smaller pieces called packet

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25
Q

Packets

A

contain both the data you’re sending and additional information needed to ensure proper delivery

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26
Q

End-Device

A

any device that directly connects to a network and is used by individuals or organizations to access or provide information, services, or resources

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27
Q

Network Device

A

any component that facilitates the communication and transfer of data within a computer network

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28
Q

Modem

A

a network device that connects a computer or LAN using digital signals to an analog based WAN network

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29
Q

Switch

A

a network device that connects multiple devices within a local area network (LAN)

  • reads MAC addresses/physical Addresses to send information with less collision
    the centralized hardware that connect devices together
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30
Q

Access Point (AP)

A

a network device that allows wireless communication between devices in a network

  • also called a Wireless access point (WAP)
  • have limited range of coverage
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31
Q

Router

A

a network device that directs data packets between different computer networks

  • switches direct traffic within a LAN
  • routers direct traffic entering and leaving the LAN
  • Reads IP addresses/Logical addresses through a routing table
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32
Q

Network Firewall

A

a network security device that acts as a barrier between a computer network and outside network traffic. It monitors and controls incoming a outgoing network traffic

  • can open or close network ports and enable or disabale network programs from data transmission
  • software firewalls are installed in routers, SOHO routers and Operating systems
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33
Q

Access Control List (ACL)

A

defines the specific criteria that determines whether network traffic will be allowed or denied by the firewall

  • set or rules that dictate what types of network traffic are permitted
34
Q

MAC (Media Access Control) Address

A

is a unique hardware identification address issued to a networking device at the time of manufacturing

  • 00:1C:14:DF:C8:43
  • burned into the NIC of a device
35
Q

IP (Internet Protocol) Address

A

a unique numerical identifier assigned to every device connected to a network

  • most common format IPv4 addresses
36
Q

Domain Name System (DNS)

A

a system used in computer networking to translate human-readable website names into their corresponding numerical IP addresses

  • When you navigate to a website, your computer asks a DNS server to
    provide the IP address that corresponds to the URL you want to visit.
  • DNS returns the correct IP address,
    which is then connected using the IP protocol.
37
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web.

  • enables web browsers and servers to exchange information
  • allowing you to access and view webpages and other resources on the internet.
38
Q

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

A

a secure version of the standard HTTP protocol used for data communication on the World Wide Web. HTTPS incorporates an additional layer of security using encryption to protect the data being transmitted between a user’s web browser and a web server

  • uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) for secured connections
  • Default port it uses is 443
39
Q

POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)

A

is an older protocol that was the standard for receiving email

  • email is downloaded from an email to a single device and deletes email from server
  • Default port is 110
40
Q

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol version 4)

A

a protocol that is responsible for receiving email

  • email is stored on the serve and synchronize to multiple devices such as mobile phones
  • Default port is 143
41
Q

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A

the protocol that handles the sending of emails when you compose an email and click send

  • ensure that your email is sent to the recipient’s email server
  • default port is 25
42
Q

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

a standard network protocol used to transfer files from one computer to another over a network such as the internet

  • allows users to upload and download files between their local computer and a remote server
  • widely used but lacks security measure
  • secured file transfer option; File Transfer Protocol Secure (FTPS)
43
Q

WiFi (Wireless Fidelity)

A

a technology that allows computing devices to connect and communicate with other computing devices wirelessly. It enables the transmission of data over short distances using radio waves

44
Q

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

A

a professional association know for developing technical standards across various industries, including networking and telecommunication

45
Q

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)

A

a disturbance or “noise” caused by electromagnetic signals that interfere with the proper functioning of electronic devices

46
Q

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)

A

a measure used to describe the quality of a signal by comparing a desired signal against any background noise or interference that is present

47
Q

Attenuation

A

the loss of signal strength as the transmission distance increases. Or alternatively, you can say, a signal decreases in strength the further it travels from its origination point or source

48
Q

Service Set Identifier (SSID)

A

a unique alphanumeric identifier given to a wireless local area network (WLAN).

  • serves as the name or label for the network, allowing devices like computers, and smartphones, and other Wi-Fi-enables devices to recognize and connect to it
49
Q

Open Authentication or Unencrypted

A
  • common setup for public WiFi
  • allows any device to communicate with the access point
  • connect without the need for a password
  • high risk due to lack of password security protocols
  • information on the network can be seen by others
50
Q

Captive Portal

A
  • terms and conditions of use
  • user data collection
  • session management
51
Q

Wired (Ethernet)

A

a standard for wired computer network communications, defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.3 specification

  • maximum distance to run an Ethernet cable is 100 meters
  • Connector types: RJ-11 & RJ-45
52
Q

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair

A

Ethernet cables had 8 pairs of wires which are all twisted

53
Q

STP (Shield Twisted Pair)

A

Ethernet cables also have 8 pairs of wires however the wires are covers with a layer of aluminum to greatly reduce interference

54
Q

Coaxial Cables

A

are copper-cored and surrounded by a heavy shielding used for cable television, connection modems and surveillance cameras

  • two types: RG-59 & RG-6, which is the newer type of cable
55
Q

Fiber-Optic Cables

A

uses a glass or plastic strand that transmits information using light, resulting in the signal not be affected by interference

-multi-mode fiber: transmit light (LED)
- single-mode fiber: this type of cable transmit via laser, resulting in further data transmission distance

56
Q

Bluetooth

A
  • not designed to be a WLAN, but rather a wireless personal area network (WPAN)
  • most Bluetooth devices are class-two devices with max range of 10 meters
57
Q

Infrared

A
  • most used for television remote control
  • requires line of sight to work correctly
  • maximum functional distance is about 15-20 feet
58
Q

Hub

A

a centralized device that connects computers to one another

  • considered a “dumb” because it broadcasts packets to all devices
59
Q

SOHO (Small Office Home Office) Router

A

has the basic functions of a Switch, Router, AP, and sometimes Modem

60
Q

Cellular Standards

A
  • global system for Mobile Communications (GSM)
  • Code Division Multiple Access (CDMS) developed by Qualcomm and is available only in the US
  • GSM and CDMA not compatible
  • Verizon use CDMA
  • AT&T and T-Mobile use GSM
61
Q

Mobile Hotspots

A

Network cards: allow your laptop, or other non-cellular device to connect to the cellular network

  • Mi-Fi cards: allows you to connect up to 5 Wi-Fi enabled devices as a Mi-FI cloud to get internet access
62
Q

Port & Protocols

A
  • HTTP: port 80
  • HTTPS: port 443
  • POP3: port 110
  • IMAP: port 143
  • SMTP: port 25
  • DNS: port 53
  • DHCP: port 67, 68
63
Q

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

A
  • weak, can be compromised in minutes
64
Q

Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)

A

uses Temporal Key Protocol (TKIP), a 128-bit dynamic per packet key

65
Q

Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2)

A

uses the advances Encryption Standard (AES) security algorithm

  • provided the strongest encryption and data protection
66
Q

Wireless SOHO Router Best Practices

A
  1. Change the admin Router username and password (give it a strong password)
  2. Change the router’s default SSID (Service Set Identifier)
  3. Enable WPA2 Personal with AES and choose a high-quality passphrase
  4. Enable the Mac Filtering if you want specific devices to have access to your network or be denied access to your network
67
Q

Dial-Up

A

slowest and could not use the phone and internet at the same time

  • uses a modem to convert analog to digital
  • Used POTS (Plain Old Telephone System)

Pros:
- requires only modem and phone cord
- cheapest solution $10-$20 per month

Cons:
- very slow

68
Q

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

A

first time you was able to use phone and internet at the same time

-requires DSL modem and network card

Pros:
- much faster than dial-up
bandwidths is not shared with other users
- generally very reliable (depending on your ISP)

Cons:
- distance is limited to how far away form phone company’s central office you can be

69
Q

Broadband

A

uses coaxial cable lines originally designed to carry cable television

  • generally faster than DSL connection

Pros:
much faster than dial-up and can be faster than DSL
- not required to have or use a telephone landline

Cons:
- may not be available in your area
- Requires more equipment than dial-up (Network card, network cable, cable modem)

70
Q

Fiber

A

uses Fiberoptic cable that transmits data via light

  • mostly used for high-speed telecommunications and network backbones

Pros:
- provides the fastest speed

Cons:
- requires special NIC/connectors
- most expensive in most circumstances

71
Q

Satellite

A

uses satellites to relay data for access to the internet

Pros:
- once was great in rural location that was used in environment that were far from ISP
- cheaper based on provider

Cons:
- weather and satellite alignment can affect quality
- has a high amount of latency

72
Q

Ipconfig

A

a windows networking command that displays basic information for your device

  • great command for network diagnosis
73
Q

Ping (Packet Internet Groper)

A

a command used to test network connectivity

  • used to verify a network resource is accessible
  • uses ICMP for error reporting
74
Q

Tracert

A

a command used to display details regarding the path data take from a sender to another network location

  • counts the amount of devices or hops data will take to get to a destination
75
Q

Port

A

a set of rules that governs communication between devices in a Network

76
Q

DHCP

A

automatically configures/assigns IP address

77
Q

802.11a

A
  • GHz frequency
  • 54 Mbps maximum throughput
  • 120 meters range
78
Q

802.11b

A
  • 2.4 GHz freqency
  • 11 Mbps maximum throughput
  • 140 meters range
79
Q

802.11g

A
  • 2.4 GHz frequency
  • 54 Mbps maximum throughput
  • 140 meters range
80
Q

802.11n

A
  • 5/2.4 GHz frequency
  • 600 Mbps maximum throughput
  • 250 meters range
81
Q

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)

A
  • 5 GHz frequency
  • 6.5 Gbps maximum throughput
  • 140 meters range
82
Q

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)

A
  • 5/2.4 GHz frequency
  • 9.6 Gbps maximum throughput
  • 140 meters range

CompTia ITF+ (11 decks)

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