Chapter 7 - Database Fundamentals

Question 1

Database

Answer 1

a structured collection of organized data that is stored and managed in a way that allows for efficient retrieval, modification, and analysis of information

• stored locally, on a server, or the cloud
• resembles spreadsheet but contain tables instead

Question 2

Create

Answer 2

defining what information the database will store, where it will be stored and how the information will be accessed

Question 3

Input/Import

Answer 3

populating a database with data records

Question 4

Query

Answer 4

a question or request for specific information from a database and is the way in which we retrieve data stored in the database

Question 5

Report

Answer 5

visual summary of queried data that is designed to provide a clear, concise, and structured view of the data

Question 6

Database Records

Answer 6

collections of related data fields that represent a single unit of information or entity within a database. It is often used to store and retrieve specific information about an object or item

Question 7

Structure Data

Answer 7

data that is highly organized each piece of data has a well-defined data type

• organized into tables
• easy to query and analyze

Question 8

Unstructured Data

Answer 8

lacks a predefined structure or format it included text, images, video, audio, and other forms of content that do not fit neatly into a table format.

Question 9

Semi-structured Data

Answer 9

data that doesn’t adhere to organized tables but is not completely unstructured

• included data such as text, images, video, and audio accompanied by various meta tags

Question 10

Schema

Answer 10

outline or a blueprint for a database that describes its components and how they work

• table names
• fields (attributes or details) in each table
• data types required for each field
• primary key, foreign keys, and other constraints

Question 11

DDL Commands

Answer 11

SQL commands that manage the structure of your database

Question 12

When Should We Use A Database?

Answer 12

1. Multiple concurrent users
2. Scalability
3. Speed
4. Variety of Data
5. Security

Question 13

Relational Database

Answer 13

structured to recognize relationships among stored items of information, known as datasets.

• predictable and organized with tables containing columns and rows of text or numerical data

Question 14

Primary Key

Answer 14

is a unique identifier that helps you define a record (or content in a row)

• There can only be one Primary key per record

Question 15

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS)

Answer 15

are software used to manage a database

• add, remove, update records
• retrieve data
• SQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, MySQL

Question 16

Foreign Key

Answer 16

is a key or field in a table that is used to link two tables together

Question 17

Non-Relational Database

Answer 17

does not use the tabular schema of rows and columns

• uses a storage model that is optimized for the specific requirements of the type of data being stored
• Also known as “NoSQL” databases

**Include Non-structured data & Semi-structured data

Question 18

Key/Value Databases

Answer 18

represent data as a collection of key/value pairs

• Redia
• Dynamo DB
• Microsoft Azure
• Amazon
• Oracle NoSQL

Question 19

Database Dumps

Answer 19

one-time logical backup of a database

• Data is dumped into an empty database that is already set up with the schema (fields, tables, etc.)

Question 20

Database Backup

Answer 20

done through a program and creates a physical backup

• can be scheduled and repeated
• used to restore a database without needing to create a new on

Question 21

Manual Access

Answer 21

going directly into tables to view or change data, suitable method for working with a database that is stored locally

Question 22

Direct Access

Answer 22

accessing via a direct connection across a network suitable for LANs

Question 23

Programming Access

Answer 23

accessing a database through a programming language like SQL

Question 24

User Interface and Utility Access

Answer 24

A method of accessing a database using forms that allow users to interact with the database that create
an SQL query to retrieve data from the database.

Question 25

Query/Report Builders

Answer 25

provides a GUI for users to select actions to Pperform on the database
and converts those selections to the SQL statements that will be executed.

Question 26

Data Manipulation

Answer 26

enables the ability to adjust the content/data in your table

• Select: allows to “select” or specify intended data
• Insert: Allows the ability to add contents of a table
• Delete: Allows the ability to remove contents of a table
• Update: Allows the changing or editing of contents in table. You are not deleting, only editing

Question 27

Data Definition

Answer 27

“defines” the structure of your database and its tables

• Create: allows to create a new structure, such as a new Database or new table.
• Alter: usually used to alter DB object such as column name
• Drop: allows the removal of a Database or Table(s).
• Permissions: Identifies who had the ability to edit table structure

Question 28

Flat File Systems

Answer 28

useful for such things as transferring information between systems or for
tracking sales orders, they have several drawbacks.

Question 29

Concurrent use

Answer 29

• Databases allow many individual users to access the data at the same time
  without having to wait or take turns.
• A database can support thousands or even millions of users
  at one time.

Question 30

Tables

Answer 30

stores the information in a relational database

• database. Each table is comprised of fields (columns) and
  records (rows).
• There is no limit to the number of fields and records a table can contain, if there's
  enough storage space on the drive.

Question 31

Records/Rows

Answer 31

a single instance of data stored in a database table

• a database of people, each individual person is a record (row)

Question 32

Fields/Columns

Answer 32

describes a single attribute of each record in a table

• For example, you may have a field
  for first names in a database. Every person’s first name is stored in the first name field. Fields are comparable to columns on a spreadsheet.

Question 33

Constraints

Answer 33

The schema of a database can prevent some fields from being left blank.

• It requires a value to be entered into the field whenever a new record is
  created
• Constraints can be placed on
  fields, so they only accept certain types of data
• data. This is used to avoid what is known as
  Garbage In, Garbage Out (GIGO).