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CompTia ITF+ > Chapter 1 - Core Hardware Components > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Core Hardware Components Flashcards

1.3, 1.5, 2.3, 2.5

1
Q

Computer

A

an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to input, process, output, and store data.

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2
Q

Hardware

A

refers to the physical elements of a computer. (Infrastructure =?)

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3
Q

Software

A

instructions that tell a computer what to do. (Logical = Software)

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4
Q

Peripheral Devices

A

an auxiliary device that connects to and works with a computer and is used to put information into and get information out of the computer

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5
Q

Input

A

when the computer receives data from a user through a peripheral device that connects to and works with a computer

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6
Q

Output

A

when the computer displays, plays or distributes data to a user through a peripheral device that connects to and works with a computer

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7
Q

Processing

A

manipulation of data by a computer’s processor

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8
Q

Storage

A

a process through which data is retained for future use. Data retention can be either temporary or permanent.

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9
Q

bit (b)

A

small unit of digital information

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10
Q

Byte (B)

A

a unit of measurement that contains eight (8) bits, or a series of eight (8) zeros and ones.

  • 1 Byte = 8 bits
  • value can range from 0 to 255
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11
Q

Data at Rest

A

data that is housed physically on a storage drive in a digital format.

(Measures in bits/bytes)

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12
Q

Precision Measurement

A

binary measurement system

222222222*2 = 1024

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13
Q

Data in Use

A

data that is currently being processed or acted upon by a system’s processor

(measured in hertz)

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14
Q

Hertz (Hz)

A

a unit of frequency equivalent to one cycle per second

  • megahertz (MHz)
  • gigahertz (GHz)
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15
Q

Motherboard

A

the main circuit board in a computing device that connects and allows communication between all the other computing components

  • Backbone, foundation, or heart of a computing device
  • all other comments must be compatible with this
  • also referred to as a “system board”
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16
Q

Firmware

A

a type of software program or set of instructions programmed into electronic devices and provides the most basic control of a hardware component

  • More permanent than general-purpose software
  • Initiates device boot-up
  • Control input and output operations
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17
Q

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)

A

firmware that is stored on a computer’s motherboard that provides the fundamental instructions and settings necessary for the computer to start up, initialize hardware components, and establish communication between the hardware and the operating systems

  • Configure data and time
  • view information/specs related to most hardware in your system
  • Enable or disable hardware
  • Enable virtualization (VT-X)
  • Change the boot order of your system)
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18
Q

UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

A

firmware that is stored on a modern computer’s motherboard that provides the fundamental instructions and settings necessary for the computer to start up, initialize hardware components, and establish communication between the hardware and the operating system

  • uses a graphical user interface (GUI)
  • offer more features
  • better security
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19
Q

RAM (Random Access Memory)

A

a form of computer memory that stores working data or programs currently in use by the computer.

  • the type of memory used for the system memory.
  • more capacity to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system performance
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20
Q

CPU (Central Processing Unit)

A

the primary component of a computer responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations.

  • Acts as the brain of a computer
  • executes a program, which is a sequence of stored instructions
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21
Q

ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)

A

a family of CPUs based on the RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) architecture

  • used most commonly in mobile phones and tablets
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22
Q

Internal Storage

A

the storage drives within a computing device that are designed to store digital data

  • Provides long-term storage
  • Often used to store a computer’s operating system
  • Hard Disk Drives (HDD) or Solid State Drives (SDD)
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23
Q

GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

A

a specialized processor designed to rapidly process and render graphics, images, and videos

  • great for gaming devices
  • both internal and external GPUs available
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24
Q

Heatsink

A

a metal structure that absorbs and disperses heat generated by electronic components such as CPUs or GPUs it helps prevent overheating by provide a large area for heat dissipation

  • fans (affordable/limitations)
  • liquid cooling (expensive/more efficient)
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25
Q

NIC (Network Interface Card)

A

a computer hardware component that allows a computer to connect to a network or other computing device and acts as a communication link enabling the transfer of data

  • utilize an transmitter and receiver
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26
Q

Wired NICs

A

use physical cables such as ethernet cable to establish a network connection

  • generally offer faster and more reliable data throughput rates
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27
Q

Wireless NICs

A

utilize wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC or even cellular to connect to a network without the need for physical cables

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28
Q

Volatile Storage

A

a type of storage that requires a continuous power supply to retain data

  • RAM, used as a temp storage option
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29
Q

Non-volatile Storage

A

a type of storage that retains data even when power is lost or the system is turned off

  • HDD & SDD, more permanent storage
30
Q

Computer Cases

A

provide protection and support for internal components

  • durable, easy to service, and enough room for expansion
  • size and layout is called form factor
31
Q

Local Device Storage

A

encompasses hardware components used to store data on a computer device locally, as opposed to remotely or on another device.

  • RAM
  • Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
  • Solid State Drives (SSD)
  • Optical Drives
  • Flash Drives
32
Q

Local Network Storage

A

refers to the various types of storage systems that are accessible over a local area network connection, allowing multiple devices to share and access stored data

  • File Servers
  • Network Attached Storage (NAS)
33
Q

Cloud Storage

A

refers to the practice of storing and managing data on remote servers accessed over the internet.

  • It involves using the infrastructure of a cloud service provider, which maintains large-scale data centers to store and protect the data of individuals and organization
  • remote access to files and data over the internet, typically through third-party service providers
    -requires an internet connection for accessing files and data
  • offers scalability, redundancy, and the ability to access files and data from anywhere with an internet connection
34
Q

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored magnetically on a spinning disk

  • Low cost
  • Moving parts increase failure rate
  • Slower than solid state drive (SSD)
  • measured in RPM (Revolutions per minute; 5,400 rpm, 7,200 rpm)
35
Q

Solid State Drive (SSD)

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored on non-volatile flash memory chips

  • Faster than hard disk drive (HDD)
  • No moving parts
  • Silent operation
36
Q

Optical Drive

A

a type of local device storage where digital data is stored optically on a spinning disk

  • Compact Disc (CD); max storage: 700 MB
  • Digital Versatile Discs (DVD); max storage 17 GB
  • Blu-Ray Disc (BD); max storage 128GB
37
Q

Flash Drive (aka Thumb drive or USB)

A

a type of portable storage device where digital data is stored on non-volatile flash memory chips

  • same storage technology as an SSD
  • Local device storage designed to be portable
  • memory cards is considered an form factor of flash drives
38
Q

PSU (Power Supply Unit)

A

converts AC power from the wall socket into DC

  • Alternating current (AC)
  • Direct Current (DC)

**Must provide enough power for the installed components and future additions

39
Q

32-bit vs. 64-bit

A

wider the bus, the more data that can be process per unit of time

  • these CPU architectures are found in laptops, workstations and servers
  • 32-bit aka x86; capable of addressing 4 GB of RAM
  • 64-bit aka x64; capable of addressing 128+ GB or RAM while supporting 32 bit process
40
Q

Bus

A

allow data to travel among the various components

41
Q

Overclocking

A

a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original specification

42
Q

Throttling

A

a technique used to decrease the speed of your processor

43
Q

File Server

A

a type of local network storage in which a general computing device provides centralized storage and file-sharing capabilities to multiple users on a network

  • sharing and storing files with other computing devices on a local network
44
Q

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

A

a type of local network storage in which a dedicated computing device provides centralized storage and file-sharing capabilities to multiple user on a network

  • commonly used in home networks small businesses and environments where a simple file sharing solution is preferred
45
Q

Read

A

retrieving information from a storage device, and bringing it into the computer’s system memory for processing

  • aka access or retrieve
  • driver output operation
46
Q

Write

A

storing or updating information on a storage device, allowing you to modify existing data or add new data

47
Q

Transfer Rate (data rate)

A

at which data can be read from or written to a storage drive per second

48
Q

IOP (Input/Output Operations per second)

A

a performance metric the measures the number of read and write operations a storage device can handle in one second

-IOPS = Transfer Rate / Average Operation Size

49
Q

Average Operation Size

A

the amount of data read from or written to the storage device in a single operation and is typically measured in bytes t

50
Q

Active Methods (Cooling System Method)

A
  • fans
  • liquid (Nitrogen, helium, water, oil)
  • heat pipes or vapor chambers
  • Phase-change
51
Q

Passive Methods (Cooling System Method)

A
  • air
  • peltier
  • undervolting
52
Q

Component Cooling (Cooling System Method)

A
  • Memory cooling
  • Hard Drive cooling
  • Chipset cooling
53
Q

RAM Types

A
  • DRAM (Dynamix RAM)
  • SRAM (Static RAM)
  • SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
  • DDR SDRAM
  • DDR 2 SDRAM
  • DDR 3 SDRAM
  • DDR 4 SDRAM
54
Q

RAM Form Factors

A
  • DIMMs (PCs)
  • SODIMMS (Laptops)
55
Q

Expansion & Adapters

A

increase the functionality of a computer by adding controllers for specific devices or by replacing malfunctioning ports on the motherboard

  • range from advanced graphical processing units or GPU to a wireless network interface card
  • Video cards
  • Sound cards
  • Network cards
  • WNIC cards
56
Q

Units of Measuring Storage

A
  • bit (b) 0 or 1
  • Bytes (B) 8 bits
  • Kilobytes (KB) 1,000 bytes
  • Megabytes (MB) 1,000,000 bytes
  • Gigabytes (GB) 1,000,000,000 bytes
  • Terabytes (TB) 1,000,000,000,000 bytes
  • Petabytes (PB) 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
  • Exabyte (EB) 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes
57
Q

POST (Power On Self Test)

A

checks to see that all the hardware in the computer is operating correctly

  • any issues with hardware components the POST will issue an error message or a beep code
58
Q

CMOS (Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor)

A

is the chip that stores all the configuration data of the BIOS

  • requires constant power from the CMOS battery to save the information
  • or data can be saved in nonvolatile memory which does not need power to retain settings
59
Q

BIOS Boot Order

A

the predetermined sequence the system follows in order to understand what device to boot up first, second, then so on until the list is done

  • Operating systems could start (boot) from optical media, hard drives or flash drives
60
Q

Thermal Compound

A

aka thermal paste, is a material applied between the CPU and the heatsink to combat overheating.

  • reducing the CPU temperature by several degrees
61
Q

Liquid Cooling

A

is an advanced cooling solution, using a liquid coolant to transfer heat away from the CPU and other components

  • can be quicker
  • requires more maintenance
  • more expensive than case fans
  • requires specific equipment to be installed
62
Q

Buses

A

allow data to travel among the various components

63
Q

KB (Kilobyte)

A
  • 1 KB = 1024 bytes
64
Q

MB (Megabyte)

A
  • 1 MB = 1024 Kilobytes
  • 1 MB is one million bytes of information.
65
Q

MB (Megabyte)

A
  • 1 MB = 1024 Kilobytes
  • 1 MB is one million bytes of information.
66
Q

TB (Terabyte)

A
  • 1 TB = 1024 Gigabytes
67
Q

Kbps (kilobits per second)

A
  • 1 kbps = 100 bits per second
  • Found in slow network links or in public spaces like a train
68
Q

Mbps (megabits per second)

A
  • 1 Mbps = 1,000,000 bits per second
  • Found in home networks and wireless networks.
69
Q

Tbps (Terabit per second)

A
  • 1 Tbps = 1,000,000,000 bits per second
  • Many modern networks and PC bus standards support Gbps.
70
Q

MHz (Megahertz)

A
  • 1 million HZ
  • Often seen on older PC bus interfaces.
71
Q

GHz (gigahertz)

A
  • 1 billion HZ
  • Often used with fiber optic networks / Newer computer CPUs run at gigahertz speeds.

CompTia ITF+ (11 decks)

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