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CompTia ITF+ > Chapter 6 - Software Development > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Software Development Flashcards

1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

1
Q

Binary Notational System

A

a notational system that has only two possible numbers for each place value. These numbers are 0 and 1.

  • 0 and 1 used in binary reflect the off and on states of a transistor
  • 1 - on
  • 0 - off
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2
Q

Hexadecimal Notational System

A

a notational system that has sixteen possible values for each place value.

  • 0123456789ABCDEF
  • Used in MAC Address, IPv6 Address, Hex Color Codes, and Unicode References
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3
Q

Decimal Notational System

A

a notational system that has ten possible numbers for each place value. The numbers are 0 thru 9.

-0123456789

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4
Q

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

A

the most common character encoding standard for text data in computers and on the internet

  • ultilEs 7 buts to store information
  • Provides representation for 128 characters

M = 01001101

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5
Q

Unicode

A

an international character encoding standard that encompasses many different languages

  • a globally inclusive set of data representation
  • supports 136,755 characters across 139 language
  • has several standards
  • M = U+004D
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6
Q

Data Type

A

a data type is a classification or category of data that determines the type of operations that can be performed on the data and the storage format to be used for that data

  • Char
  • Strings
  • Integers
  • Floatas
  • Boolean
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7
Q

Char (Character)

A

a single textual character, that can be a letter of the alphabet, a symbol, or a numerical digit.

  • even when using mathematical operation it will be treated as text only
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8
Q

Strings

A

a collection of textual characters, that can be composed of letters of the alphabet, symbols, numerical digits, and spaces

  • usually distinguishable as the text will be wrap in quotations
  • ex. “Hello World!”
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9
Q

Concatenation

A

the operation of joining character strings end-to-end. By doing so, this operation converts multiple strings into a single string.

  • “Cyber” + “security” resulting in “Cybersecurity”
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10
Q

Integer

A

a data type used to represent real numbers that do not have fractional values. This includes whole numbers and their negative equivalents.

  • -42, -8, 0, 22, 65536
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11
Q

Floats

A

a data type composed of a number that is not an integer, because it includes a fractional value represented in decimal format.

  • -42.6, -2.1, 0.4, 22.0
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12
Q

Boolean

A

a special numeric data type that indicates if a condition is TRUE or FALSE. The Boolean value is stored using a single binary digit of either a 0 or 1.

  • On or off, yes or no, 1 or 0
  • use logical operation like OR, AND, and NOT
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13
Q

Compiler

A

a translator for computer programs. It takes the human-written instructions you give in a high-level programming language and turns them into machine code.

  • translates the entire program into machine code prior to running or executing the program (usually having an .exe. extenstionz0
  • Compiled Languages: GO, C++, Java, Seashark, and Cobol
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14
Q

Interpreter

A

a real-time translator for computer programs. It takes the human-written instructions you give in a high-level programming language and turns them into machine code.

  • translates and executes the program line by line in real-time
  • Interpreted Languages: PHP, Pearl, Python, Ruby, JavaScript
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15
Q

Scripted Languages

A

execute a list of task; such as obtaining data from a data set

  • create scripts which are sequences of instructions that merely guide other software programs
  • Scripting Languages: Bash for Linux and PowerShell for Windows
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16
Q

Markup Languages

A

are marked with tags to govern the display, formatting, and organization of text elements

  • provide these instructions to computing devices so they know how to arrange and present the content you see on screen
  • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), XML, CSS
17
Q

Query Languages

A

a specialized computer programming language used to communicate with and manipulate databases. It provides a way for users and applications to interact with databases by sending requests for specific data or actions to be performed

  • Structured Query Language (SQL)
  • Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
18
Q

Pseudocode

A

a simplified and human-readable representation of a computer program’s logic and algorithm, expressed in natural language or basic code-like syntax

19
Q

Coding Concepts

A
  • Identifiers - Variables, Constants
  • Containers - Arrays, Vectors
  • Logic Components - Branching, Loops
  • Functions
  • Objects - Properties, Attributes, Methods
20
Q

Identifier

A

a symbolic name that points to a specific location in the computer’s memory

21
Q

Container

A

a special type of identifier and will therefore have many of the same properties as a variable or a constant

  • help the computer keep track of different pieces of information referred to as values
22
Q

Array

A

a special type of identifier that can reference multiple values

  • they can be single of multi-dimensional, which you can visualize like a table with multiple columns and rows
  • arrays are fixed-size and cannot be resized
23
Q

Vector

A

a special type of identifier that can reference multiple values

  • they can be single of multi-dimensional, which you can visualize like a table with multiple columns and rows
  • vectors can grow or shrink in size
24
Q

Function

A

a reusable block of code that performs a specific task or set of steps. This enables programs to be divided into reusable components.

25
Q

Programming Objects

A

a self-contained unit that groups together data and actions. It’s a way to represent real-world things or concepts in a digital format.

26
Q

Converting To Binary

A

all things in computers are broken down into binary into decimal

  • starting from left to right, add the decimal numbers listed in the binary chart until the desired values are reached
  • # from the chart that are added together will be identified as the binary digit “1” (an on bit), and values that are not added together will be identified as a binary “0” (off bit)
27
Q

Assembly Language

A

the lowest level of code which humans can read and write, before CPU machine code CPU

  • final product produced by a compiler
  • Intel X86, Arm, RISC-V
28
Q

Constant

A

a set or predefined value that, does not change

  • similar to a variable, but it cannot be modified by the program once it is defined
  • cannot be changed by the program once it is defined
29
Q

Variable

A

a value that can potentially change in the execution of the program either from the result of an output of another part of the program or as input from a user

  • a container or a storage area to hold data
  • can be changed by the program once it is defined
30
Q

Conditional Statement

A

used for branching or program flow

  • commonly use Booleans to determine which path the program should choose
  • often shown using the words “if”, “then”, or “else”
31
Q

Loops

A

Useful when repeating a process until a condition or set of conditions are either met or not met depending on what the loop is intended for initially

32
Q

Instruction Set

A

used to accomplish a task of set of tasks to a specific goal

  • method: built-in task or set of tasks that the code programmers found to be useful
  • functions: programmer specific function that is custom to the program being created by that individual programmer
33
Q

Flowcharts

A

visual representation of a program whereas boxes are used to represent the logic

34
Q

C Language

A

a general-purpose, compiles, programming language that was developed in the early 1970s.

  • provide a rich set of features for manipulating data, performing calculations, and controlling the flow of a program.
  • enables its implantation in various environments, ranging from operating systems to embedded systems and online platforms

CompTia ITF+ (11 decks)

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