Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy > Chapter 8: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

major regulatory system that detects sensations and control movements, physiological processess and intellectual functions

A

Nervous System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  • Receiving Sensory Input
  • Integrating Information
  • Controlling muscles and glands
  • Establishing and maintaining mental activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs

A

Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neurons are also known as

A

nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parts of a Neuron

A
  • Cell Body
  • Dendrites
  • Axons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

source of information for gene expression

A

Cell Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

usually receive information from other neurons or from sensory receptors and transmit information toward the cell body

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

conduct action potentials from one part of the brain/spinal cord to another part

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Types of Neurons

A
  • Sensory Neuron
  • Motor Neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

carries information to the CNS from the body

A

Sensory Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

send information to the body from the CNS

A

Motor Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Categories of Neurons

A
  • Multipolar Neurons
  • Bipolar Neurons
  • Pseudo-unipolar Neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a category of neurons that has two processes; one dendrite and one axon

A

Bipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

a category of neurons that has many dendrites and a single axon

A

Multipolar Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a category of neurons that appears to have an axon and no dendrites

A

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

carry out different functions that enhance neuron function and maintain normal conditions within nervous tissue

A

Glial Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Types of Glial Cells in the CNS

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Ependymal Cells
  • Microglia
  • Oligodendrocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

major supporting cells in the CNS

A

Astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

line the fluid-filled cavities within the CNS

A

Ependymal Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

immune cells of the CNS that helps protect the brain by removing bacteria and cell debris

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

provide an insulating material that surrounds axons

A

Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Type of Glian Cells in the PNS

A

Schwann Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

specialized layers that wrap around the axons of some neurons formed by the oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

A

Myelin Sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

consists of neurons and microglia and one of the four major tissue types

A

Nervous Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheath

A

White Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

white matter of the PNS forms

A

nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

white matter of the CNS forms

A

nerve tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites where there is very little myelin

A

Gray Matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

gray matter on the surface of the brain

A

cortex

30
Q

clusters of gray matter on the surface of the brain

A

nuclei

31
Q

cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

A

ganglion

32
Q

uneven charge distribution in an unstimulated or resting cell

A

Resting Membrane Potential

33
Q

inside = ___ charged
outside = ___ charged

A

negatively, positively

34
Q

Higher concentration of K+ immediately ___ the cell

A

inside

35
Q

Higher concentration of Na+ immediately___ of the cell membrane

A

outside

36
Q

required to maintain the greater concentration of Na+ (outside) and K+ (inside) the cell membrane

A

Sodium-Potassium Pump

37
Q

Sodium-Potassium pump actively transports _____ and ____ of the cell

A

K+ into the cell and Na+ out of the cell

38
Q

voltage across the cell membrane changes from -70 mV to +20mV

A

Depolarization

39
Q

the voltage across the cell membrane returns to -70mV

A

Repolarization

40
Q

the charge on the cell membrane briefly becomes more negative than the resting membrane potential

A

Hyperpolarization

41
Q

all-or-none change in membrane potential in an excitable tissue that is propagated as an electrical signal

A

Action Potential

42
Q

2 Basic Types of Ion Channels

A
  • Leak Channels
  • Gated Channels
43
Q

Types of Gated Channels

A
  • Chemically gated channels
  • Voltage-gated channels
44
Q

opened by neurotransmitters or other chemicals

A

Chemically gated channels

45
Q

Voltage-gated channels

A

opened by a change in membrane potential

46
Q

Types of Action Potential

A
  • Continuous Conduction
  • Saltatory Conduction
47
Q

Conducted along the entire axon cell membrane

A

Continuous Conduction

48
Q

“jump” from one node of ranvier to the next along the length of the axon

A

Saltatory Conductuon

49
Q

intiated and opened by chemically-gated channels and activates voltage-gated channels to initiate an action potential

A

Local Potential

50
Q

junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with one another neuron or with cells of an effector organ

A

Synapse

51
Q

an involuntary reaction in response to a stimulus applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS

A

Reflexes

52
Q

neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs and the basic functional unit of the NS

A

Reflex Arc

53
Q

5 Basic Components of Reflex Arc

A
  • Sensory Receptor
  • Sensory Neuron
  • Interneuron
  • Motor Neuron
  • Effector Organ
54
Q

Neuronal Pathways: Two Simple Pathways

A
  • Converging Pathways
  • Diverging Pathway
55
Q

two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron

A

Conversing Pathways

56
Q

axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one other postsynaptic neuron

A

Diverging Pathway

57
Q

allows integration of multiple subthreshold local potentials

A

Summation of signals in neuronal pathways

58
Q

can bring the membrane potential to threshold and trigger an action potential

A

Summation of the local potentials

59
Q

occurs when the local potential originate from different locations on the postsynaptic neuron

A

Temporal Summation

60
Q

occurs when local potentials overlap in time and can occur from a single input that fires rapidly

A

Spatial Summation

61
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System & Peripheral Nervous System

62
Q

Communication link between the CNS and the various parts of the body

A

PNS

63
Q

Information from PNS to CNS is either: ___, ___ or ___

A

ignored, triggers a reflex or evaluated

64
Q

Central Nervous System consists of?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

65
Q

Peripheral Nervous System consists of?

A

Nerves and Ganglia

66
Q

3 Parts of Spinal Cord

A
  • Superficial White Matter Portion
  • Deep Gray Matter Portion
  • Spinal Nerves
67
Q

Two Spinal Reflexes

A
  • Knee-jerk Reflex
  • Withdrawal Reflex
68
Q

used by clinicians to determine if the higher CNS that normally influence this reflex are functional.

A

Knee-jerk reflex

69
Q

Knee-jerk reflex is also known as

A

Patellar reflex

70
Q

function is to remove a limb or a body part from a painful stimulus

A

Withdrawal Reflex

71
Q

Withdrawal Reflex is also known as

A

Flexor reflex

Anaphy (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions