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Anaphy > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

integument =

A

covering

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2
Q

the outside of the body, can easily observed and the appearance

A

Integumentary System

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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary System

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D Production
  • Temperature Regulation
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4
Q

2 Major Tissue Layers of Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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5
Q

most superficial layer of skin located upon the dermis that prevents water loss and resists abrasion

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

cells change shape and chemical composition

A

Keratinization

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7
Q

Two Types of Strata

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Corneum
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8
Q

cuboidal/columnar cells that includes mitotic division in 19 days

A

Stratum Basale

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9
Q

Most superficial stratum of epidermis that is coated and surrounded by lipids

A

Stratum Corneum

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10
Q

layer of dense connective tissue and responsible for most of the skin’s structural strength

A

Dermis

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11
Q

These two are responsible for structural strength of the dermis

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic Fibers
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12
Q

when skin is overstretched

A

Stretch Marks

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13
Q

projections on the upper part of the dermis that contain many blood vessels arranged in parallel curving ridges

A

Dermal Papillae

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14
Q

delivers substances to the body by puncturing the skin

A

Injection

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15
Q

3 Types of Injection

A
  • Intradermal
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular
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16
Q

inserting a small needle at a shallow angle into the dermis

A

Intradermal Injection

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17
Q

Achieved by pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the adipose tissue of ST

A

Subcutaneous Injection

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18
Q

inserting a long needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin into a muscle deep to subcutaneous tissue

A

Intramuscular Injection

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19
Q

group of pigments prinarily responsuble for skin, hair and eye color that provides protection against UV light

A

Melanin

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20
Q

Melanin is produced by __ that are irregularly shapes cells with many long processes that extend between the epithelial cells

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

move into the cell processes of melanocytes

A

melanosomes

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22
Q

produced by melanocytes

A

Melanin Production

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23
Q

____ stimulates melanocytes to increase melanin production

A

Suntan

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24
Q

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficits or an absence of melanin

A

Albinism

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25
Q

cause an increase in melanin production during pregnancy in the mother

A

Estrogen and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones

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26
Q

Blood flow increase =

A

red color intensifies

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27
Q

Blood flow decrease =

A

pale skin

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28
Q

decrease in the blood O2 content produces a bluish color of the skin

A

Cyanosis

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29
Q

yellow pigment found in plants such as squash and carrots and also the source of Vitamin A

A

Carotene

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30
Q

Subcutaneous Tissue is aka.

A

hypodermis

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31
Q
  • attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies it with blood vessels and nerves
  • a loose connective tissue including adipose tissue that contains about half of the body’s stored lipids
A

Subcutaneous Tissue/Hypodermis

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32
Q

functions as padding and insulation in the subcutaneous tissue

A

Adipose Tissue

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33
Q

found everywhere on the skin, except on the palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes

A

Hair

34
Q

invagination of the epidermis that extends deep into the dermis and can play an important role in repair of the skin

A

Hair Follicle

35
Q

associated with each hair follicle are smooth muscle cells called __ ___

A

Arrector pili

36
Q

above the surface of the skin

A

Hair shaft

37
Q

below the surface of the skin

A

Hair root

38
Q

expanded base of the root

A

Hair bulb

39
Q

a hair has a hard cortex which surrounds a softer center called ___

A

medulla

40
Q

Cortex is covered by ____ that is a single layer of overlapping cells that holds the hair in the hair follicle

A

cuticle

41
Q

An extension of the dermis that protrudes into the hair bulb

A

Hair Papilla

42
Q

permanent loss of hair in men results in _____

A

pattern baldness

43
Q

organ which produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body

A

Glands

44
Q

Major Glands of the Skin

A
  • Sebaceous Glands
  • Sweat Glands
45
Q

simple, branched acinar glands where most are connected by a duct to the superfifical part of a hair follicle and produces sebum

A

Sebaceous Glands

46
Q

Two Kinds of Sweat Glands

A
  • Eccrine
  • Apocrine
47
Q

located in almost every part of the skin but most numerous in the palms and soles and produce a secretion that is mostly water with a few salts

A

Eccrine Sweat Glands

48
Q
  • produce a thick secretion rich in organic substances
  • this sweat galds open into hair follicles, but only in the armpits and genitalia, also becomes active at puberty
A

Apocrine Sweat Glands

49
Q

thin plate consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that contain a very hard type of keratin

A

nails

50
Q

visible part of the nail

A

nail body

51
Q

part of the nail covered by skin

A

nail root

52
Q

stratum corneum that extends onto the nail body

A

Cuticle

53
Q

Cuticle is also called as

A

eponychium

54
Q

the nail root extends distantly from the __ ___

A

nail matrix

55
Q

small part of the nail and can ge seen through the nail body as a whitish, crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail

A

Lunula

56
Q

the nail also attached to the underlying __ ___, which is located distal to the nail matrix

A

Nail Bed

57
Q

Physiology of Integumentary System

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D Production
  • Temperature Regulation
  • Excretion
58
Q

inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands

A

Acne

59
Q

4 Factors Responsible for Acne

A
  • hormones
  • sebum
  • abnormal production of cells
  • bacterium Propionibacterium acnes
60
Q

Integumentary as Diagnostic Aid

A
  • Jaundice
  • Rashes and Lesions
  • Vitamin A Deficiency
  • Iron Deficiency
  • Hair
61
Q

can occur when the liver is damagaed by a disease such as viral hepatitis

A

Jaundice

62
Q

can be symptoms of problems elsewhere in the body

A

Rashes and Lesions

63
Q

skin produces excess keratin and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture

A

Vitamin A Deficiency

64
Q

the nails lose their normal contour and become flat or concave

A

Iron Deficiency

65
Q

injury to a tissue caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or radiation

A

Burns

66
Q

involve only the epidermis and are red and painful where slight edemae or swelling may be present

A

First-Degree Burn

67
Q

damage both the epidermis and dermis

A

Second-degree Burns

68
Q

If dermal damage of a second-degree burn is minimal, symptoms include:

A
  • redness
  • pain
  • edema
  • blisters
69
Q

the epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound

A

Third-Degree Burns or Full-Thickness Burns

70
Q

Symptoms of Burn

A
  • Tissue damage of skin and possibly deeper tissue
  • Edema
  • shock
  • microbial infection
71
Q

Treatments of Burn

A
  • intravenous fluids
  • high-protein, high-calorie diet
  • antimicrobials
  • debridement
  • skin grafts
72
Q

most often associated with exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun and mostly develop on the face, neck or hands

A

Skin Cancer

73
Q

Causes of Skin Cancer

A
  • chemical
  • radiation
  • exposure to UV
74
Q

a form of electromagnetic radiation that comes from the sun and man-made resources like tanning beds and welding torches

A

Ultraviolet Radiation

75
Q

this type of UV radiation has longer wavelengths, penetrates the skin more deeply and causes most tanning of the skin and associated with the development of malignant melanoma

A

Ultraviolet A

76
Q

this type of UV radiation has shorter wavelengths that primarily affects the outer layer of the skin and causes most burning of the skin and associated with the development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas

A

Ultraviolet B

77
Q

Three Main Types of Cancer

A
  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Malignant Melanoma
78
Q

skin cancer that begins with cells in the stratum basale and extends into the dermis to producr an open ulcer

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

79
Q

a skin cancer that develops from cells immediately superficial to the stratum basale and these cells continue to divide as they produce keratin

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

80
Q

a rare form of skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, usually in preexisting mole

A

Malignant Melanoma

Anaphy (10 decks)

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