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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 8, Muscular System > Flashcards

Chapter 8, Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles do we have

A

600-700 (IBRAHIM IF YOU ARE SEEING THIS ALL THE LECTURE ON JOINTS/ETC ARE AFTER THE LISTING OF THE MUSCLES. AND DON’T FORGET THAT SPELLING COUNTS!)

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2
Q

What are the three kinds of muscles?

A

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

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3
Q

Skeletal muscles provide…

A

Movement

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4
Q

Muscles in one word…

A

Movement

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5
Q

Smooth muscles

A
  • Help the digestive system
  • Can have 2-3 layers
  • Are not connected to bone
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6
Q

Cardiac muscles

A

Are found only in the heart

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7
Q

Every muscle will have…

A

An origin and an insertion point

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8
Q

Muscle origin

A

The immovable end of the muscle

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9
Q

Muscle insertion

A

The more movable end of the muscle

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10
Q

Prime Mover

A

AKA: Agonist

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11
Q

Agonist

A

AKA: Prime mover

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12
Q

Prime Mover

A

CAUSES an action

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13
Q

Antagonist

A

Works AGAINST an action

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14
Q

Synergist

A

CONTRIBUTES to an action by HELPING the agonist

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15
Q

Face

A

60 Skeletal Muscles

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16
Q

Smile

A

20 Skeletal Muscles

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17
Q

Frown

A

40 Skeletal Muscles

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18
Q

What is the SMALLEST muscle in the body

A
  • Stapedius
  • found in the ear
  • connected to the stapes
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19
Q

How many layers of muscles do we have?

A

3-4 Layers

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20
Q

What is the LARGEST muscle in the body?

A

Gluteus Maximus (get off your ass…)

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21
Q

What is the LONGEST muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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22
Q

“Rect”

A

Straight (NOT RECTUM…get back off your ass…)

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23
Q

What do muscle names reflect?

A
  • Shape
  • Length
  • Size
  • If visible on the body surface
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24
Q

Maximus

A

Large

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25
Q

Minimus

A

Small

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26
Q

Externus

A

Outer

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27
Q

Superficialis

A

On the surface, shallow

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28
Q

Internus

A

On the inside

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29
Q

Minor

A

Small

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30
Q

Major

A

Large

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31
Q

Deltoid

A

Triangle

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32
Q

Biceps

A

Muscle with two heads

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33
Q

Deltoid

A

Muscles in the shoulder area

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34
Q

Oblique

A

Muscles on the side

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35
Q

Fascia

A
  • Small
  • Layers of dense connective tissue
  • Separates an individual muscle and holds it in place
  • White
  • Blends with epimysium
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36
Q

Epimysium

A
  • Smaller than fascia

* Connective tissue that CLOSELY surrounds the muscle

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37
Q

Perimysium

A
  • Even smaller than epimysium

* Tissue that extends inward from epimysium that separates the muscle into smaller sections called fascicles

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38
Q

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

A

Sorry, cat

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39
Q

Fascicles

A

Thin covering on the fascicles

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40
Q

Skeletal muscle fiber

A
  • Single cell
  • Long and thin
  • Cylinder
  • Rounded ends
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41
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Cell membrane

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42
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm

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43
Q

Aponeuroses

A

Broad fibrous sheets of connective tissue

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44
Q

Skeletal Muscle Fiber

A
  • Single cell
  • Contracts in response to stimulation
  • Relaxes when stimulation ends
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45
Q

Myosin

A

THICK protein filament found in myofibrils

46
Q

Actin

A

THIN protein found in myofibrils

47
Q

Myofibrils

A
  • Threadlike structures in the sarcoplasm
  • Play a big role in contraction
  • Two main protein filaments: myosin and actin
48
Q

Troponin

A

Also a protein in myofibrils

49
Q

Tropomysosin

A

Also a protein in myofibrils

50
Q

Temporalis

A

Sides of the head

51
Q

Occipitalis

A

Back of the head

52
Q

Frontalis

A

Front of the head

53
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Around the mouth

54
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Around the eye

55
Q

Buccanator

A

Cheek

56
Q

Masseter

A

Cheek

57
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

58
Q

Platysma

A

Neck, under the chin

59
Q

Trapezius

A

Back/Neck

60
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Chest

61
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Chest

62
Q

Internal Intercostal

A

Rib cage

63
Q

External Intercostal

A

Rib cage

64
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Sides of the abdomen

65
Q

External Oblique

A

Sides of the abdomen

66
Q

Rectus Abdominus

A

Abdomen

67
Q

Brachyalis

A

Upper Arm

68
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Upper Arm

69
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Upper Arm

70
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Side of the neck

71
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calf

72
Q

Psoas

A

Groin

73
Q

Soleus

A

Calf

74
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Buttocks

75
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Buttocks

76
Q

Sartorius

A

Thigh

77
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Thigh

78
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Thigh

79
Q

Stapedius

A

Inner Ear

80
Q

Gracilis

A

Inner thigh

81
Q

Rectus femoris

A

thigh

82
Q

Adductor longus

A

Inner thigh, by groin

83
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Outer hip

84
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Shin

85
Q

Fibularis longus

A

back/side of leg (near fibula)

86
Q

Rhomboid

A

Upper back

87
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Side of the neck

88
Q

Soleus

A

Side of lower leg

89
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Anterior surface of the ribs 1-10

90
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Anterior surface of the ribs 3-5

91
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

A

By the ulna/wrist

92
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Wrist

93
Q

Joints

A

Two or more bones that come together.

94
Q

Articulation

A

Coming together, so two or more bones articulate

Example: Your upper arm articulated with your shoulder

95
Q

Fibrous Joints

A
  • Immovable
  • Connected to dense connective tissue
  • Found in the sutures of the cranium
96
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A
  • Connected by Cartilage (either firbo or hyalene)
  • Limited Movement
  • Found in the bodies of the vertebrae
97
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Articulating (joined) bones surrounded by joint capsules that involve ligaments, membranes, and synovial fluid
* Free Movement

98
Q

MOST IMPORTANT FOR FIBROUS

A

IMMOVABLE (will be on the test)

99
Q

MOST IMPORTANT FOR CARTILAGINOUS

A

LIMITED MOVEMENT (will be on the test)

100
Q

MOST IMPORTANT FOR SYNOVIAL

A

FREE MOVEMENT (will be on the test)

101
Q

Synovial Joints have…

A

6 types:

  1. Ball and Socket (KNOW THIS ONE)
  2. Condylar
  3. Gliding/AKA Plane
  4. Hinge (KNOW THIS ONE)
  5. Pivot
  6. Saddle
102
Q

Ball and Socket Joint KNOW THIS

A

Example: Femur to pelvus, arm to shoulder

VERY COMMON

103
Q

Condylar

A

Example: Wrist

104
Q

Gliding Joint (AKA: PLANE)

A

Example: Intervertebral joints, rib cage, wrist, ankleqq

105
Q

Hinge Joint KNOW THIS

A

Elbow, knee

106
Q

Pivot Joint

A

Example: Proximal end of the radius and ulna, Also C1 (Axis) and C2 (Atlas)

107
Q

Saddle Joint

A

Examples: Carpals, metacarpals, thumb

108
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Connects with bone
  • Multiple Nuclei in cells
  • Voluntary Movement
  • Striated Appearance
  • Rapid onset, rapid fatigue
  • Actin and Myosin present
109
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • Found in the digestive system
  • One nucleus found in almost every organ
  • Involuntary movement
  • Actin and Myosin Present
110
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A
  • Only found in the heart
  • Contraction has slowest onset, which makes it resistant to changes
  • Striated appearance
  • Found in almost every muscles
  • Actin and myosin are present
111
Q

Sarcoplasmis Reticulum (KNOW THIS)

A
  • Appears gold and yellow
  • Surrounds each myofibril
  • Network of channels
  • Contain high amount of calcium ions
112
Q

Cartilogenous`(3 things)

A

Connected by cartiage (well, duh) Fibro or hyelin)
Have limited movement
Found in the bodies between the vertebrae.

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

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