Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Cellular Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

an-

A

without

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ana-

A

up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cata-

A

down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mut-

A

change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-zym

A

causing to ferment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

enzymes

A

Special proteins that allow chemical reactions in the body to proceed fast enough to sustain life.

They control all of the interrelated reactions of cellular metabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anabolism

A

Provides the biochemicals required for cell growth and repair.

Synthesis build up of larger molecules from smaller one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Metabolism

A

The reactions of anabolism and catabolism together.

The combined chemical reactions use or release energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

An anabolic reaction that joins many simple sugar molecules (monosaccharides) to form larger glycogen molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hydrolysis

A

A catabolic reaction which breaks down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and splits a water molecule in the process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Catalyst

A

Chemical that increases the rate of chemical reactions, but is not permanently altered by the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Activation Energy

A

Lowering the amount of energy used to start chemical (metabolic) reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Catalysis

A

The acceleration of enzymes to speed metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Substrate

A

Target of enzyme action.

Each enzyme is specific acting only on a particular molecule, which is called its substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Catalase

A

An enzyme that speeds breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into H2O and O2, preventing accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which can damage cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Active Site

A

Part of an enzyme molecule that temporarily binds a substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metabolic Pathways

A

Sequences of enzyme controlled reactions that lead to synthesis or breakdown of particular biochemicals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rate-limiting Enzyme

A

A regulatory enzyme that controls and entire pathway and it is generally the first enzyme in a series.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cofactor

A

Smaller ions or elements that must combine with an enzyme for it to be active.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coenzyme

A

Small organic molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to change something.

It is the ability to do work.

23
Q

Oxidation

A

Process by which O2 combines with another chemical.

Removal of hydrogen or the loss of electrons.

Opposite of reduction.

24
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

25
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate

A

ATP

26
Q

ATP

A

Organic molecule that transfers energy, used in cellular processes.

Each contains a chain of three linked chemical groups called phosphates.

27
Q

Cellular Resperiation

A

A biochemical pathway that releases energy from organic compounds.

Consists of 3 district, yet interconnected, serious or reactions: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain.

28
Q

Glycolysis

A

The first series of reactions of cellular respiration.

The word “glycolysis” means the breaking down of sugar.

These reactions break a molecule into 2 molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid.

29
Q

Pyruvic Acid

A

3 Carbon compound that is the breakdown of the 6-carbon sugar glucose into glycolysis.

One glucose molecule splits to yield 2 pyruvic acid molecules.

30
Q

Anaerobic

A

Does not require oxygen

31
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A

Complete energy releasing breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen.

32
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

Serious of chemical reactions that oxidizes certain molecules, releasing energy.

Kreb’s Cycle.

33
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Series of metabolic reactions that takes high energy electrons from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle to form ATP, water, CO2, and heat.

34
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

35
Q

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

A

DNA

36
Q

DNA

A

The genetic code.

Double stranded polymer or nucleotides, each containing a phosphate group, nitrogenous base, and the sugar deoxyribose.

Part of chromosomes, in the nucleus.

Replicates prior to cell division.

Contains information for protein synthesis.

37
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genetic instructions for an individual.

38
Q

Genes

A

Segments of genomes that encode proteins.

39
Q

Exome

A

The part of the genome (1.5%) that encodes protein.

40
Q

Codon

A

Set of three contiguous nucleotides of a messenger RNA molecule that specifies a particular amino acid.

41
Q

Translation

A

Assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of base triplets in an mRNA molecule.

42
Q

Replication

A

Copying of a DNA molecule.

Takes place during interphase.

43
Q

Genetic Code

A

The correspondence of gene and protein building block sequence.

Information for synthesizing proteins encoded in the nucleotide sequences of DNA molecules.

44
Q

Transcription

A

The process of synthesizing RNA.

Manufacturing a complementary RNA from DNA.

45
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

RNA that transmits information for a proteins amino acid sequences to the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

46
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

Molecule that carries an amino acid to a ribosome in protein synthesis.

47
Q

mRNA

A

Messenger RNA

48
Q

tRNA

A

Transfer RNA

49
Q

Anticodon

A

Three nucleotides of a transfer RNA molecule that are complimentary to a specific mRNA codon.

The three nucleotides in tRNA.

50
Q

Proteasomes

A

Spool shaped structures that misfolded proteins are threaded through.

51
Q

Expressed

A

A gene that is transcribed and transferred into a protein.

52
Q

Kreb’s Cycle

A

The Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle) is a part of cellular respiration. Named after Hans Krebs, it is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. Its importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest parts of cellular metabolism to evolve.

53
Q

Cellular Metabolism

A

The set of chemical reactions that acquire, store, and release energy into cells.

Anatomy and Physiology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions