chapter 8 mineral deficiencies and toxicities

Question 1

calcium deficiency in adults

Answer 1

osteopenia, osteoporosis/bone loss

Question 2

calcium toxicities symptoms

Answer 2

excess urination and gas, constipation, bloating, muscle weakness

Question 3

milk alkali syndrome

Answer 3

excessive amounts of calcium block absorption of iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc

Question 4

phosphorus deficiency causes

Answer 4

alcoholism, burns, starvation, diuretic uses, phosphate binders with kidney failure patients

Question 5

sodium deficiency causes

Answer 5

low-sodium diet
diuretics
excessive fluid intake
significant vomiting and diarrhea/sweating

Question 6

chloride deficiency causes

Answer 6

muscle cramps
mental apathy and confusion
loss of appetite
pH imbalance
death

Question 7

potassium deficiency causes

Answer 7

vomiting/diarrhea
excessive fluid intake
laxatives/diuretics
muscular weakness/cramps

Question 8

magnesium deficiency causes

Answer 8

diuretics
alcohol
poorly controlled diabetes
appetite loss
fatigue
irregular heartbeats

Question 9

sulfur deficiency

Answer 9

none known