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CHM020 - Analytical Methods for Biology > Chapter 8: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q
  • science of obtaining, processing, and communicating information about the composition and structure of matter
  • art and science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists
  • measurement science consisting of a set of powerful ideas and methods that are useful in all fields of science and engineering
A

Analytical Chemistry

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2
Q

Two information required in an analysis

A
  1. Qualitative
  2. Quantitative
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3
Q

what makes analytical chemistry a vital tool in medical, industrial, government, and academic laboratories throughout the world?

A

interdisciplinary nature

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4
Q

reveals the identity of the elements and compounds in a sample

A

qualitative analysis

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5
Q

indicates the amount of each substance in a sample

A

quantitative analysis

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6
Q

chemical test used for detecting the presence of at least two peptide bonds in a molecule

A

Biuret test

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7
Q

how do metal ions produce color

A

become excieted and emit light of a specific wavelength

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8
Q

test for detecting the presence of starch

A

iodine test

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9
Q

Qualitative or Quantitative:
- Determining the concentration of a compound in solution

A

Quantitative

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10
Q

Qualitative or Quantitative:
- Identifying the cationic groups in a compound

A

Qualitative

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11
Q

Qualitative or Quantitative:
- Identifying the anionic groups in a compound

A

Qualitative

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12
Q

Qualitative or Quantitative:
- Identifying the functional group in a molecule

A

Qualitative

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13
Q

Qualitative or Quantitative:
- Determining the elemental composition of a molecule

A

Qualitative

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14
Q

chemical substance that is the subject of a chemical analysis

A

analyte

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15
Q

Two measurements in quantitative analysis

A
  1. mass or volume
  2. measurement of some quantity that is proportional to amount of analyte
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16
Q
  • determine the mass of the analyte or some compound chemically related to its
  • based on the principle of precipitation or volatilization methods
A

Gravimetric methods

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17
Q
  • determine the volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to react completely with the analyte
  • involves the measurement of the volume of a solution of known concentration, referred to as the titrant, required to react completely with a particular substance, or analyte, in the solution being analyzed
A

Volumetric methods

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18
Q

substance (as a reagent solution of precisely known concentration) that is added in titration.

A

titrant

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19
Q

involve the measurement of such electrical properties as voltage, current, resistance, and quantity of electrical charge

A

Electroanalytical methods

20
Q

based on the measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules or on the production of such radiation by analytes

A

Spectroscopic methods

21
Q

Steps in picking a method for analytical chemistry

A
  1. level of accuracy
  2. economic factors
  3. complexity of the sample
22
Q

involves obtaining a small mass of a material whose composition accurately represents the bulk of the material being sampled

A

sampling

23
Q

sampling is frequently the most __ __ in an analysis and the source of __ __

A
  • difficult step
  • greatest error
24
Q

constituent parts of a material can be distinguished visually or with the aid of a microscope

A

heterogenous

25
Q

process of determining how much of a given sample is the material indicated by its name

A

assay

26
Q

under __ circumstances, no sample processing is required prior to the measurement step

A

certain

27
Q

under __ circumstances, we must process the sample in any of a variety of different ways

A

most

28
Q

Preparing Laboratory Sample (solid)

A
  1. ground and mixed to ensure homogeneity
  2. dried
  3. moisture content may be determined
29
Q

Preparing Laboratory Sample (liquid)

A
  1. liquid samples are subject to solvent evaporation
30
Q

Preparing Laboratory Sample (gas)

A
  1. Gas sample dissolved in liquid
  2. Must be kept inside a second container to prevent contamination of atmospheric gases
31
Q

portions of a material of approximately the same size that are carried through an analytical procedure at the same time and in the same way

A

replicates

32
Q

Replication improves and provides what?

A
  1. quality of results
  2. measure of reliability
33
Q

Preparing Solutions

A
  1. solvent should dissolve entire sample, rapidly and completely
  2. sample may require heating
34
Q

species other than the analyte that affect the final measurement

A
  • interferences or
  • interferents
35
Q

what do interference do

A

enhance or attenuate the quantity being measured

36
Q

techniques or reactions that work for only one analyte

A

specific

37
Q

techniques or reactions that apply for only a few analytes

A

selective

38
Q

all of the components in the sample containing an analyte

A
  • matrix or
  • sample matrix
39
Q

Ideally, the measurement of the property X is directly proportional to the concentration (CA)

A

Calibration and Measurement

40
Q

CA formula

A

CA = kX

41
Q

computing analyte concentrations are based on the raw experimental data collected in the measurement step, the chracteristics of the measurement instruments, and the stoichiometry of the analytical reaction

A

calculating results

42
Q

analytical results are incomplete without an estimate of their __

A

reliability

43
Q

used to determine if the standard deviation of a set of data is small or large when compared to the mean

A

Relative standard deviation (RSD)

44
Q

Relative standard deviation (RSD) may also be referred to as.. ?

A

Coefficient of Variation (CV)

45
Q

relative standard deviation can tell you how __ the average of your results is

A

precise

CHM020 - Analytical Methods for Biology (22 decks)

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