Chapter 0e

Question 1

atoms lose electrons

Answer 1

positively charged ions

Question 2

atoms gain electrons

Answer 2

negatively charged ions

Question 3

formed by strong attractive forces between positive and negative ions

Answer 3

ionic bonds

Question 4

forms molecules

Answer 4

covalent bonds

Question 5

formed when atoms lose, gain, or share valence electrons to acquire an octet of eight valence electrons

Answer 5

chemical bonds

Question 6

2 types of chemical bonds

Answer 6

1. ionic bonds
2. covalent bonds

Question 7

occur when valence electrons of a metal atom are transferred to the atom of a nonmetal

Answer 7

ionic bonds

Question 8

occur when nonmental atoms share electrons to attain a noble gas arrangement

Answer 8

covalent bonds

Question 9

amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule

Answer 9

ionization energy

Question 10

ionization energy of metals

Answer 10

low

Question 11

ionization energy of nonmetals

Answer 11

high

Question 12

metals __ electrons to have eight valence electrons

Answer 12

lose

Question 13

nonmetals __ electrons to have eight valence electrons

Answer 13

gain

Question 14

regulation and control of body fluids

Answer 14

Na+

Question 15

regulation of body fluids and cellular functions

Answer 15

K+

Question 16

major cation in bones, needed for muscle contractions

Answer 16

Ca2+

Question 17

essential for certain enzymes, muscles, and nerve control

Answer 17

Mg2+

Question 18

consist of positive and negative charges held together by the strong electrical attractions between oppositely charged ions

Answer 18

ionic compounds

Question 19

identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the proportionate number of atoms of each element

Answer 19

chemical formula

Question 20

sum of ion charges in chemical formula

Answer 20

zero