Chapter 0c Flashcards
- material that makes up all things
- anything that has mass and occupies space
matter
2 classification of matter
- pure substances
- mixtures
have fixed or definite composition
pure substances
contain two or more different substances that are physically mixed but not chemically combined
mixtures
Classification of pure substance
- element
- compound
composed of one type of atom
element
composed of two or more elements always combined in the same proportion
compound
Classifications of mixtures
- homogeneous mixture
- heterogeneous mixture
- composition is uniform throughout
- different parts of the mixture are not visible
homogenous mixture
- composition varies from one part of the mixture to another
- different parts of the mixture are visible
heterogenous mixture
- have definite shape
- have definite volume
- particles are closed together in a fixed arrangement
- particles move very slowly
solids
- have indefinite shape but definite volume
- same shape as container
- particles are close together but mobile
- particles move slowly
liquids
- indefinite shape
- indefinite volume
- same shape and volume as container
- particles are far apart
- particles move very fast
gases
characteristics observed or measured without changing the identity of substance
physical properties
physical properties include what
- shape
- physical state
- boiling and freezing points
- density
- color
- change in state
- change in physical shape
- no change in identity and composition of substance
physical change
describe the ability of a substance to
- interact with other substances
- change into a new substance
chemical properties
- change in composition
- new chemical properties
- new physical properties
chemical change
- measure of how hot or cold an object is compared to another object
- indicates the heat flow from the object with a higher temperature to the object with a lower temperature
temperature
temperature scales
- Fahrenheit (°F)
- Celsius (°C)
temperature difference between boiling and freezing water are divided into smaller units called __
degrees
degrees between the boiling and freezing point of water in Celsius scale
100°C
degrees between the boiling and freezing point of water in Fahrenheit
180°F
coldest possible temperature
-273°C
on Kelvin scale, -273°C is called as __ __
absolute zero (0K)
°F formula
1.8(°C) + 32
what does matter undergo when it is converted from one state to another
change of state
changes from a solid to a liquid
melting
changes from a liquid to a solid
freezing
point where a substance changes from solid to liquid
melting point (mp)
point where a substance changes from liquid to solid
freezing point (fp)
- amount of heat released when 1g of liquid freezes
- amount of heat needed to melt 1g of solid
heat of fusion
heat of fusion of water conversion
- 80cal / 1g H20
- 334J / 1 g H20
molecules on surface gain sufficient energy to form gas
evaporates
gas molecules lose energy and form liquid
condenses
- all the water molecules acquire enough energy to form a gas (vaporize)
- bubbles of water vapor appear throughout the liquid
boiling
- particles on surface of solid change directly to vapor
- no change in temperature
sublimation
occurs when gas particles change directly to solid
deposition
- amount of heat absorbed to change 1g of liquid to gas at boiling point
- amount of heat released when 1g of gas changes to liquid at boiling point
heat of vaporization
heat of vaporization of water conversion
- 540cal / 1g H2O
- 2260J / 1g H2O
heat released formula (diagonal line)
heat = (mass)(temperature change)(specific heat)
