Chapter 0b Flashcards
standard system of measurement used in chemistry
metric system
- modification of the metric system as a worldwide standard
- official system of measurement used throughout the world for units of length, volume, mass, temperature, and time
International System of Units (SI)
metric:
length
meter (m)
SI:
length
meter (m)
metric:
volume
liter (L)
SI:
volume
cubic meter (m^3)
metric:
mass
gram (g)
SI:
mass
kilogram (kg)
metric:
temperature
degree Celsius (°C)
SI:
temperature
kelvin (K)
metric:
time
second (s)
SI: time
second (s)
1 meter = __ in
39.4 in.
1 meter = __ yd
1.09 yd
space occupied by a substance
volume
1 L = __ qt
1.06 qt
__ mL = 1 qt
946 mL
used to measure small volumes
graduated cylinder
measure of quantity of material it contains
mass
how hot or cold something is
temperature
Kelvin to Celcius
Kelvin = Celsius + 273.15.
Fahrenheit to Celsius
°F = °C×(9/5)+32
measure in units such as years, days, hours, minutes, seconds
time
measured by observing the marked lines at the end of a ruler
length
numbers obtained when you measure a quantity such as your height, weight, or temperature
measured numbers
all the digits, including the estimated digit
significant figures (SFs)
significatn figures are used to represent what
amount of error associated with a measurement
- not measured and do not have a limited number of significant figures
- obtained by counting
- definitions that compare two units
- definitions in the same measuring system
exact numbers
helpful in working problems and doing calculations faster
calculator
writing significant figures:
multiplication or division
measure with fewest SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
writing significant figures:
addition or subtraction
measurement with fewest DECIMAL PLACES
placed in front of any unit to increase or decrease its size by some factor of ten
prefix
peta
10^15
tera
10^12
giga
10^9
mega
10^6
kilo
10^3
deci
10^-1
centi
10^-2
milli
10^-3
micro
10^-6
nano
10^-9
pico
10^-12
femto
10^-15
volume of a cube whose dimensions are 1cm on each side
cubic centimeter (cm^3)
cube measuring 10cm on each side has a volume of __
1000 cm^3
- use two different units to describe the same measured amount
- are written for relationships between units of the metric system, U.S. units, or between metric and U.S. units
equlities
1lb = oz
16 oz
1 kg = lb
2.20 lb
1 in. = cm
2.54 cm
1 m = in.
39.4 in
1 km = mi
0.621
1 qt = mL
946 mL
1L = qt
1.06 qt
1pt = mL
473 mL
1lb = g
454 g
“dose is the difference between a poison and a cure”
Paracelsus
compares the mass of an object to its volume
density
density formula
mass/volume
- relationship between the density of a substance and the density of water
- unitless quantity
specific gravity
specific gravity formula
density of sample / density of water
density of water
1.00 g/mL at 4C
