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Intro to Social Work > Chapter 8: Indigenous Peoples and Social Work > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Indigenous Peoples and Social Work Flashcards

1
Q

What are aboriginal peoples?

A

The original people of Canada, encompassing First Nations, Métis, and Inuit.

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2
Q

What are indigenous peopleS?

A

The people who are native to the area in which they live. This term usually refers to these people internationally and is used by the United Nations. In Canada, the term Indigenous also refers to First Nations, Métis, and Inuit.

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3
Q

What is colonization?

A

Invasion or taking over sovereignty of another nation.

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4
Q

What is cultural genocide?

A

Processes that destroy the cultures of a group of people.

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5
Q

What is a residential school?

A

A program that forcibly removed Indigenous children from their homes to eradicate their cultures.

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6
Q

What is a worldview?

A

The lens through which a group of people sees the world, their values, and relationships.

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7
Q

What is structural social work?

A

Focuses on social problems in structural rather than personal terms by analyzing the impacts that structures in society have on people.

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8
Q

What is anti-oppressive social work?

A

Acknowledges oppression in societies, economies, cultures, and groups and attempts to remove or negate it.

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9
Q

What is turtle island?

A

Haudenosaunee term for North America.

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10
Q

What are cultures?

A

Specific practices and characteristics of a group of people, defined by, for example, language, spirituality/religion, cuisine, social habits, and practices.

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11
Q

How many people reported some indigenous heritage in 2016? #+%

A

1,673,780

42.5%

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12
Q

Percent of aboriginal youth under 25 compared to total aboriginal pop?

A

44%

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13
Q

What percent of indigenous people live in urban areas?

A

60%

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14
Q

What is a holistic approach?

A

Recognition of the whole person, including spiritual, physical, emotional, and psychological elements.

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15
Q

What is egalitarianism?

A

A belief that all people should share equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities.

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16
Q

What are the four aspects that make up a holistic approach?

A
  • Spiritual
  • Physical
  • Emotional
  • Psychological
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17
Q

What is the significant difference between religion and spirituality?

A

religion is a structured form of spirituality that usually has a group following, whereas spirituality can include individual experiences with or without a structured belief system

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18
Q

What is central focus for Inuit spirituality?

A

Land

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19
Q

What is non interference?

A

is an Indigenous value that refers to not getting in the way of another person’s journey or preventing someone from doing something simply because we do not agree with it.

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20
Q

What is a clan?

A

Groups of families that have the same inherited social and political roles.

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21
Q

What is a matriarchal society?

A

A system of social and political inheritance through female lineage.

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22
Q

What is self determination?

A

The ability to make decisions and choices for oneself.

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23
Q

What is indian non-status?

A

The opposite of having “status.” Non-status Indigenous Peoples are not registered under the Indian Act and, therefore, cannot access any of their rights under this act.

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24
Q

What is Indian status?

A

First Nations Peoples who are registered under the Indian Act based on blood quantum and historical policy.

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25
Q

What is enfranchisement?

A

A process whereby “Indians” could become Canadian citizens, gaining the right to vote but only by relinquishing their ties to their communities, which included any land rights.

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26
Q

4 Ways the indian act pressed women?

A
  • stripped Indigenous women who married non-Indigenous or non-status Indigenous men of their status and did not allow them to pass it on to their children;
  • it banned them of their political leadership,
  • made them the property of men, and
  • forced them to undergo sterilization
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27
Q

How did residential schools attempt to erase culture?

A

indoctrinating children into the Christian churches that ran the schools. Children were forced to practise a religion that had nothing to do with their own spirituality

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28
Q

Why did Canadian government turn to assimilation?

A

They decided that physical genocide was no longer an option in dealing with the “Indian problem,”

29
Q

What is assimilation?

A

A process by which individuals’ cultural identities are minimized or eliminated and replaced by the cultural identities of the larger society.

30
Q

What percent of children never made it home from residential schools and why? 1+3

A

-50%

  • Diseases
  • Accidents
  • Disappearances
31
Q

What years did residential schools operate?

A

1870 to 1996

32
Q

Funding difference between schools vs schools on reserves?

A

30% difference

33
Q

What was the 60’s scoop?

A

This term is used to describe the practice whereby large numbers of Indigenous children were removed from their families by social workers in child welfare and placed in White homes not only in Canada, but in the United States and as far away as Germany and Australia, where many were treated in the same way as those who attended residential schools

34
Q

What percentage of kids in care are indigenous compared to their population? 2016 (Ages 0-4) How much more likely?

A

51% while being 7.7%

12x more likely

35
Q

What is intergenerational trauma

A

Refers to trauma passed down from generation to generation in Indigenous communities, resulting in unhealthy family relationships that include issues such as violence, mental health challenges such as depression, and internalized oppression that sometimes manifests itself in substance misuse.

36
Q

What is historical trauma?

A

“Cumulative emotional, psychological, and spiritual damage over the life span and across generations emanating from massive group traumatic experiences” (Brave Heart, 2003, p. 7).

37
Q

What is collective trauma?

A

Refers to trauma experienced by someone who may not have been exposed to the atrocities of the past or personally experienced any form of individual trauma, but who still carries a collective memory of victimhood as a key identity marker without being aware of this.

38
Q

Two ways residential school survivers have diffuculty parenting?

A
  • Some treated their children how they had been treated, with harsh discipline, coldness, and even abuse.
  • Others were emotionally unavailable to their children, afraid to touch them, express love, or teach them through appropriate discipline.
39
Q

Ways intergenerational trauma shows? 2

A
  • Substance abuse to cope

- Turn oppression inwards

40
Q

How do indigenous people face historical trauma?

A

Live with the culture, land, identity and future that has been taken away

41
Q

How do indigenous people face collective trauma?

A

includes collective images of traumatic events that have become implanted in the social memory of Indigenous Peoples.

42
Q

What is diaspora?

A

People who come from a particular nation, or whose ancestors came from it, but who now live in many different parts of the world.

43
Q

What are 5 reasons indigenous people migrate to urban settings?

A

-Education
-Employment
-Housing,
Healthcare and services
-Release from incarceration
-fleeing domestic abuse and discrimination

44
Q

11 things indigenous people experience when living in urban setting?

A
  • experiences of racism in service delivery
  • homelessness and lack of affordable housing
  • inadequate public transportation
  • lack of education, training, and employment opportunities
  • limited supports for youth
  • poor access to health, including mental health, services
  • violence against Indigenous women, girls, and two-spirit and trans people
  • food insecurity
  • involvement in the criminal justice system
  • Loss of culture
  • disconnect from land
45
Q

What is reconciliation?

A

“An ongoing process of establishing and maintaining respectful relationships. A critical part of this process involves repairing damaged trust by making apologies, providing individual and collective reparations, and following through with concrete actions that demonstrate real societal change”

46
Q

Between 2000 - 2008 percent of indigenous women in homicides compared to population?

A
  • 10%

- 3%

47
Q

Amount they will be killed by stranger compared to someone they know?

A

3x than non-indigenous women

48
Q

In sask, wat percent of disappeared woman are indigenous?

A

59%

49
Q

RCMP has recorded ___ number of murdered or disappeared indigenous women and how many do critics believe?

A

1181 to 4000

50
Q

What are the 6 tasks the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls have?

A
  • Providing concrete recommendations to inform governments about disporporite violence towards females
  • Examining policies/institutions like policing/child welfare, etc
  • Examine effectiveness of policies that address and attempt to prevent violence to females
  • report on tangible actions to increase safety of females
  • offer ways of honouring and commemorating families who have disappeared or been murdered
  • provide recommendations in a final report
51
Q

Two problems in beginning for National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girl.

A
  • Scheduling conflicts for commissioners

- Exclusion of 2-spirit and trans indigenous peoples

52
Q

two-spirit women are ___ times more likely to be physically or sexually assaulted, and __ per cent more likely to be assaulted than heterosexual Indigenous women.

A
  • 4x

- 50%

53
Q

Why are metis people having unique circumstances compared to indigenous and inuit?

A

They have been denied access to services and programs that the indigenous and inuit have.

54
Q

What are the 5 recommendations for programs for the metis people?

A
  • The individuality of Métis communities and community members must be recognized.
  • Métis have methods to address community and individual healing needs, but they are unique to the regions and communities where they live.
  • Métis look to their Elders, Senators, and community members for healing needs.
  • Healing programs for Métis should be designed according to regional and community-specific needs, as they vary in size, history, and location.
  • Programming should include traditional and contemporary beliefs of the particular Métis community.
55
Q

How do Some social work theories, such as anti-oppressive, structural, postmodern, and postcolonial, fit with Indigenous worldviews?

A

because they recognize how certain populations, including Indigenous Peoples, are marginalized in society and that there are many ways of seeing the world and assisting marginalized groups.

56
Q

What is postmodern view?

A

An understanding that reality only comes into being through how one interprets the world around oneself. Thus, there is no one truth, but rather, there are many truths.

57
Q

What is postcolonial view?

A

Theories that examine colonial literature and history through the eyes of those who have been colonized, which debunks the notion of European racial superiority and works toward decolonization.

58
Q

What is anti-colonial?

A

Through critical, oppositional discourse and action, anti-colonialism contests sources of knowledge, as well as the role of cultural and social values in understanding how power shapes everyday relations of politics and subjectivity.

59
Q

How do postmodern theories fit>

A

ake the position that reality is socially constructed through language, maintained through narratives, and carries no essential truths (Baskin, 2016). Thus, reality is made up of multiple stories, is fluid, and is historically specific. This theory centres on asking critical questions such as whose languages, knowledges, and voices are privileged in society because they are heard and which are not?

60
Q

How does anti-colonial or postcolonial theories fit?

A

Postcolonial or anti-colonial theories come from the people who have been colonized and so emphasize how Indigenous Peoples globally have been affected by colonization and address relationships between the colonized and the colonizers (Baskin, 2016). Rather than being written about, postcolonial theories ensure that Indigenous Peoples are the ones doing the writing while bringing Indigenous worldviews into the centre of discussions. These theories also critique the historical and contemporary oppression of Indigenous Peoples by the state, including Canada, and, thus, can also be referred to as neocolonial (Baikie, 2009). Importantly, postcolonial theory stresses strategies of resistance and decolonization led by Indigenous Peoples in various forms around the world today.

61
Q

How does anti-colonial or postcolonial theories fit?

A

Postcolonial or anti-colonial theories come from the people who have been colonized and so emphasize how Indigenous Peoples globally have been affected by colonization and address relationships between the colonized and the colonizers (Baskin, 2016). Rather than being written about, postcolonial theories ensure that Indigenous Peoples are the ones doing the writing while bringing Indigenous worldviews into the centre of discussions. These theories also critique the historical and contemporary oppression of Indigenous Peoples by the state, including Canada, and, thus, can also be referred to as neocolonial (Baikie, 2009). Importantly, postcolonial theory stresses strategies of resistance and decolonization led by Indigenous Peoples in various forms around the world today.

62
Q

What is decolonization?

A

Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples working together to dismantle the attitudes, powers, and institutions that keep practices of colonization alive.

63
Q

Example of colonial beliefs in qualifications for social worker?

A

An example of this is the lack of Indigenous content in social work programs and the profession’s unwillingness to consider Elders and Knowledge Keepers as social workers despite their vast amount of knowledge and experience, which can never be learned within mainstream education.

64
Q

What is manifest destiny?

A

A force that predetermines an inevitable series of events for the future.

65
Q

What is otherness?

A

The condition of being viewed as strange or different.

66
Q

What is universal truths?

A

Beliefs that are accepted by the entire world.

67
Q

Quote about feeling guilty about canadian past?

A

It is true that non-Indigenous people today are not accountable for what happened over the past few centuries and feeling guilty over what happened is useless. However, if non-Indigenous people do not participate in truth and reconciliation now, then they should feel guilty in the future.

68
Q

What is the eighth fire?

A

According to the prophesies of the Anishinaabe, this is a future time when non-Indigenous peoples will turn to Indigenous Peoples for help.

Intro to Social Work (14 decks)

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