Chapter 1: Historical Foundations of Addressing Need Flashcards
How did ‘Midgley’ define Social Welfare? 3 parts
- The degree to which social programs are managed,
- the extend to which needs are met and
- the degree to which opportunities for advancement are provided.
What is another definition of Social Welfare? And what are some examples? 7
Are all societal responses that promote social wellbeing of a population: education, health, rehabilitation, protective services, public assistance, social insurance, mental/physical health facilities.
What are the two aspects that social work address and what are examples?
- internal aspects of the human condition (values, beliefs, emotions, and problem-solving capacities of people),
- external aspects of the human condition (neighborhoods, schools, working conditions, social welfare systems, and political systems”
Define Social Welfare
An organized system that provides social services and programs to assist individuals and families
Define Social work (quick definition)
A social change focused profession that works with individuals, families, groups and communities to enhance they well-being
Describe aboriginal social work
A practice that combines culturally relevant social work education and training, theoretical and practice knowledge dirtied from aboriginal epistemology that draws liberally on western social work within a decolonizing context
What does ‘Hart’ use in relation to indigenous helping and healing?
The Medicine Wheel: An ancient symbol that signifies a holistic method of helping and healing individuals, families, and communities.
How are Indigenous healing traditions passed down?
Indigenous helping and healing traditions centres on learning from oral histories passed down through centuries. Ways of helping have been experienced with Indigenous Elders, traditional healers, and helpers who have shared their knowledge, abilities, spiritual paths, and experiences through role modelling, storytelling, ceremonies, and sharing circles
What is the problem with oral histories? Where do these concerns stem from? What has contributed to these concerns?
Today, there are serious concerns over the maintenance of cultural teachings and Elders’ ability to pass their historical knowledge on to those who may be the next generation of Elders, traditional healers, or helpers. These concerns are related to the loss of generations upon generations’ knowledge due to the residential school system, where Indigenous children were systematically removed from their homes and denied their identities through assaults on their languages and spiritual beliefs (see Chapter 8 for a more detailed discussion of residential schools), as well as a diffusion of cultural characteristics in response to colonization.
What are the 6 principles on the medicine wheel and their meanings?
- Wholeness: This principle refers to understanding each aspect of the four cardinal directions of the wheel and the directions’ interconnections for holistic well-being.
- Balance: Related to wholeness, one should attend to each part of the whole—one part cannot eclipse others—and how they are connected. Balance is reflected in the harmony among the physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual elements of one’s being. Imbalance is reflected in disease or ill health.
- Connection: This principle refers to the relationships among all the parts of the wheel. These connections consist of many different types of relationships, including relationships among people and with nature and with one’s internal mental and emotional health.
- Harmony: Caring for these connections is central to the occurrence of harmony as seen broadly with regard to harmony within oneself, with others, with nature and non-humans, and in the world and universe.
- Growth: Growth is represented as the lifelong process of motion toward the Medicine Wheel’s centre, which contains wholeness, balance, connections, and harmony with oneself and all else in creation.
- Healing: Healing is important for an individual and for those around the individual given the teachings of interconnectedness. It is through taking personal responsibility for healing and growth that individuals, families, and communities can attain mino-pimatisiwin, a Cree word meaning “the good life.” This journey can begin with sharing circles.
What is Inuit Qaujimjatuqangit?
The Inuktitut (Inuit language) term for traditional or Indigenous knowledge of the Inuit or “that which has long been known by Inuit
Elders in Nunavut have conceptualized a foundation for IQ composed of four laws, or maligait, which contribute to “living a good life” . The four laws are:
- working for the common good;
- respecting all living things;
- maintaining harmony and balance; and
- continually planning and preparing for the future.
What are eight guiding principles that buttress traditional Inuit kinship, family, and community by supporting the practical application of IQ in Inuit communities?
- Inuuqatigiitsiarniq: respecting others, relationships, and caring for people
- Tunnganarniq: fostering good spirit by being open, welcoming, and inclusive
- Pijitsirniq: serving and providing for family and community
- Aajiiqatigiinniq: decision-making through consensus and discussion
- Pilimmaksarniq: skills and knowledge development through observing, mentoring, and practice
- Piliriqatigiinniq: collaboration for the common good
- Avatittinnik Kamatsiarniq: respect and care for the land and animals through environmental stewardship
- Qanuqtuurniq: resourcefulness and innovation
What was Quebec welfare based on? When this failed, who stepped up?
Welfare in Quebec was heavily influenced by France’s emphasis on the family as the primary institution given responsibility by society for providing aid to its impoverished members. hen families failed in their obligations to family members, relief provision depended on the charity of local parishes of the Roman Catholic Church and Christian-based charity.
What are the two major tenets regarding poverty?
- First, poverty was individually driven due to a perceived inability to live within the current economic and social system in combination with unfavourable character traits.
- Second, the poor were either “deserving” or “undeserving.”
Define deserving and underserving poor.
- Deserving poor Those in poverty through no fault of their own.
- Undeserving poor Those considered physically capable of work in some form or another but who are unemployed.
Who was Ames?
Ames was a businessman, politician, and philanthropist who focused on helping people living in poverty. Ames authored The City Below the Hill: A Sociological Study of a Portion of the City of Montréal (1897), an analysis of conditions of Montreal’s working-class communities. Ames’s findings challenged conventional attitudes toward the poor, demonstrating that poverty and its related social problems were less a consequence of laziness and intemperance than of sporadic and irregular employment with inadequate wages. His moral stance influenced his support for the development of Diamond Court, a 39-unit housing complex for Montreal’s poor. In addition to advocating for the poor, Ames served as Montreal city councillor from 1898 until 1906, focusing on health and education reform. From 1904–1920, Ames served in Parliament as a member of the Conservative Party.
Who was Gerin-Lajoie?
-Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste in 1907, an organization that campaigned for social and political rights for women. In addition to its legal work, the Fédération nationale also championed social causes such as providing milk for children and mothers, fighting alcoholism and illness, raising awareness of infant mortality, and other issues that affected women’s lives. In 1922, Gérin-Lajoie led a protest for women’s suffrage in Quebec. (Quebec was the last Canadian province to grant the vote to women in 1940.) In 1923, she founded L’Institut Notre-Dame du Bon-Conseil and subsequently established social services at a parish level in Montreal (1938) and Saint Jerome (1939). Gérin-Lajoie also advocated for French-language university education for Quebec women. A professor at Université de Montréal, Gérin-Lajoie authored Traité de droit usuel (1902) and La femme et le code civil (1929) in which she argued against subordinate legal positions of married women in the Quebec Civil Code.
Who was Bourgeois
Bourgeois founded the first Francophone social service agency, Sœurs Dominicaines du Rosaire in Trois-Rivières, which focused on helping orphaned and neglected children. Public assistance from the government at the time was 24 cents per day, per orphan. In 1929, overwhelmed by need, religious institutions were unable to meet the demand for social services. Bourgeois organized community volunteers and raised funds from private donors and local parishes. When Bourgeois’s friend Maurice Duplessis became premier of Quebec in 1936, his diocese received substantial government subsidies for social services, effectively transitioning social services from church dominated to state controlled. In 1948, Bourgeois was appointed commissioner of an inquiry formed by the Quebec government to study juvenile delinquency. This led to the development of social welfare courses for educators and supervisors working with children in 1951 and the founding of the l’École supérieure d’assistance sociale in 1958.
