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Intro to Social Work > Chapter 7: Social Work Practice with Children > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Social Work Practice with Children Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three areas of child practice in Social Work for

A
  • Child welfare
  • Youth justice
  • Prevention
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2
Q

Why is there variation between provinces when it pertains to child welfare? 1+3

A

Each province has authority over social planning for:

  • legislation
  • Programs
  • practices
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3
Q

What are the six dimensions the UNICEF Innocenti Report card looks at?

A
  • material well-being,
  • health and safety,
  • educational well-being,
  • family and
  • peer relationships, behaviours and risks, and
  • subjective well-being.
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4
Q

What was Canadass UNICEF ranking for child poverty?

A

18/35

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5
Q

IN 2015 how may children were victims of police reported family violence?

A

16,100 which is 1/3 of all violence reported about youth

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6
Q

Between 2005 and 2015 how many family related homicides and how many involves children under 3?

A
  • 307 cases

- 50%

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7
Q

What is the rate of female to male police reported sexual abuse from a family member?

A

4.5 times higher

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8
Q

What are The two most frequently occurring categories of substantiated maltreatment? And their percentage of occurnace?

A
  • Exposure to intimate partener violence 34%

- Neglect 34%

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9
Q

How many cases involving children involved indigenous heritage?

A

22%

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10
Q

What is child welfare?

A

is a term used to describe a set of government and private services designed to protect children and encourage family stability and is considered a special area of practice within the profession of social work

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11
Q

What is “best interest of the child”?

A

Refers to the principle that the best interests of the child must be the primary consideration in all actions concerning children.

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12
Q

What are the 5 key activities child welfare is organized into?

A
  • Family support
  • Child protection
  • Child placement
  • Adoption
  • Fostercare
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13
Q

What is family support?

A

Child welfare agencies provide services aimed to support families who need assistance in the protection and care of their children.

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14
Q

What is child protection?

A

Child welfare agencies receive and investigate reports of possible child abuse and neglect.

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15
Q

What is child placement?

A

Child welfare agencies arrange for children to live with kin or foster families, or in licensed group-home facilities when they are not safe at home.

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16
Q

What is adoption?

A

Child welfare agencies arrange permanent adoptive homes for children.

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17
Q

What is foster care?

A

Child welfare agencies arrange and support the placement of children in alternative care arrangements. Foster parents provide the day-to-day care for a child on behalf of a provincial Children’s Aid Society. Child welfare agencies also provide independent living services for youth leaving foster care.

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18
Q

How many children are in the care of provincial children and family services across canada?

A

75,000-80,000

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19
Q

What are the 5 common features across provincial child welfare systems?

A
  • the best interests of the child, which must be considered when a child is found to be in need of protection
  • respect for the parent’s primary responsibility for child rearing
  • continuity of care and stability as important for children
  • views of children as important to take into consideration when decisions are being made that affect their futures
  • respect for cultural heritage, particularly for Indigenous children
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20
Q

Why is defining children based solely by age problematic? 2

A
  • only reflects a bias toward Western notions of childhood that are rooted in biomedical theory, but
  • also downplays the importance of other cultural, social, and economic factors that are used to define childhood
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21
Q

What was the first stage of the view of children and what were the main points? 2

A

-Abstance of legal rights and protections

  • Children viewed as possessions or objects of parental authority.
  • Parents required to provide necessities of life but had right of reasonable chastisement
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22
Q

What was the second stage of the view of children and what were the main points? 2

A
  • Children as vulnerable individuals in need of protection.
  • Influence by recognition of children developmental stages and new found sentimentally towards children.
  • Children viewed as separate and special class of immature persons
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23
Q

What are two first acts to govern around children welfare?

A
  • 1888, the Act for the Protection and Reformation of Neglected Children formally established state responsibility for children.
  • 1893, the Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to and Better Protection of Children was established in Ontario.
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24
Q

Who petitioned the government to allow social agencies to have broad legal powers?

A

Kelso, founder of First Children Aid society in Toronto

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25
Q

What were the four main things that child welfare organizations focused on in the 1800’s?

A
  • Neglect
  • Behaviour management
  • Abuse
  • Child delinquency
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26
Q

What did the Act for the Prevention of Cruelty to and Better Protection of Children was established in Ontario do? 3

A
  • Made child abuse a indictable offence
  • Promoted foster care
  • Supported children aid societies
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27
Q

What are child savers?

A

Middle-class philanthropists who saw the state, society’s moral decline, deficient parenting, and the hazards of urban life as “evils” from which children required saving.

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28
Q

What is the third stage in child welfare?

A

Children as subjects

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29
Q

What did the UN do after WWII in regards to children?

A

In 1959, the UN officially recognized the human rights of children by adopting the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child.

30
Q

What is the general theme that the UN Declaration said about children?

A

non-binding declaration was that children are entitled to special protections and that “the best interests of the child shall be considered paramount”

31
Q

What did the children as subjects stage say about children?

A

children began to no longer be viewed as objects in need of state protection, but as subjects—existing persons with dignity and basic rights of their own

32
Q

What was the battered children syndrome?

A

A term coined by C. Henry Kempe that refers to injuries sustained by a child as a result of physical abuse, usually inflicted by an adult caregiver.

33
Q

What was the 1951 revision to the Indian Act?

A

child welfare became a provincial responsibility, enabling child welfare agencies to extend their reach into Indigenous communities.

34
Q

What was the 60’s scoop?

A

Refers to the practice that occurred from the 1960s to the 1980s of apprehending unusually high numbers of Indigenous children and fostering or adopting them, largely to non-Indigenous families. This removal led to further loss of cultural identity, contact with their families and communities of origin, and, in some cases, their status under the Indian Act.

35
Q

By 1980, Indigenous children, who made up ?% per cent of Canada’s child population, represented more than ?% per cent of children in care

A
  • 2%

- 10%

36
Q

Between 1960 and 1990, how many indigenous children were adopted? How many adopted into white homes?

A
  • 11,000

- 70%-85%

37
Q

What did the 1984 Badgley report say?

A

eported that one in two Canadian females and one in three Canadian males have experienced unwanted sexual acts, and that four in five of these occurred in childhood.

38
Q

Why do families experience difficulties? 7

A
  • Parental deficiency
  • Family breakdown
  • Societal breakdown
  • Continuuum of normal behaviour
  • Risk and protective factors
  • Economic distress
  • Systems of oppression
39
Q

What is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) ?

A

Applies to “every human being below the age of eighteen years” and integrates broad categories of rights, including civil and political rights and economic, social, and cultural rights.

40
Q

Two reasons canada did not adopt the UN Convention of children rights?

A
  • To continue to house children in adult facilities if needed
  • Out of respect for indigenous communities as it could not apply a state regulated adoption
41
Q

What are the 11 grounds of discrimination the Human Rights Act introduced?

A
  • race,
  • national or ethnic origin,
  • colour,
  • religion,
  • age,
  • sex,
  • sexual orientation,
  • marital status,
  • family status,
  • disability, and a
  • conviction for which a pardon has been granted o
42
Q

What are the two mechanisms the Canadian Human Rights Act established?

A
  • Human Rights Commission to investigate complaints

- Human Rights Tribunal to make divisions on cases

43
Q

What is Jordans Principle?

A

passed in 2007, which requires that services be delivered to children in medical need without delay in all cases, even when there is some dispute over which level of government is responsible for provision.

44
Q

What are the four main parts of contemporary child welfare?

A
  • Family support
  • Advocacy
  • Adoption/foster programs
  • Child protection
45
Q

What is duty to report?

A

Refers to professionals’ obligation, in the course of their duties, to report any suspected child abuse or neglect when there are reasonable grounds for believing a child may be in need of protection.

46
Q

What is child abuse?

A

The physical or psychological mistreatment of a child by an adult (biological or adoptive parents, step-parents, guardians, or other adults), including physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment, and exposure to domestic violence.

47
Q

What is neglect?

A

Refers to situations in which a child’s caregiver fails to provide adequate clothing, food, or shelter, deliberately or otherwise. “Neglect” can also apply to the abandonment of a child or the omission of basic care such as medical or dental care.

48
Q

What is a risk assessment?

A

An activity designed to determine the likelihood of future abuse or neglect so that action can be taken to prevent it.

49
Q

What happens if a family falls below prescribed child care standards?

A

They enter into the formal child protection system

50
Q

What happens if a family doesn’t fall below prescribed child care standards?

A

If higher this minimal level of care, their investigation is closed, and they usually do not receive any services or assistance from the agency

51
Q

What are the three responses if a family falls below the prescribed child care standards?

A
  • referrals to other programs to assist the family with its difficulties,
  • supervision orders (voluntary and involuntary) to ensure that parents are complying with agency expectations,
  • out-of-home placement of children (usually involuntary). Removal from parental care is only justified if it can be demonstrated that remaining in parental care poses significant risk to the child. In the vast majority of cases, investigations do not result in the child being removed from the family.
52
Q

What is a in-home service?

A

Aim to assist and support families to live together harmoniously in a safe and secure environment.

53
Q

What is an out-of-home service?

A

Implemented when the home situation is deemed unsuitable for the child. Such services include placement in day care centres, foster care, group homes, institutional care, family housing assistance, and adoption.

54
Q

How were juvenile delinquents handled in the “children as objects” phase? 2

A
  • No separate justice system

- anyone >13 received same punishment as adults

55
Q

What is doli-incapax? 3

A
  • “Inability to do wrong”
  • 13 to 7
  • Could be reputed if establish child had sufficient intelligence to appreciate they were wrong
56
Q

How did vulnerable child view juvenile delinquents?

A

They viewed them as misdirected and misguided and in need of aid

57
Q

How did the JDA view children? 2

A

legislation and carceral institutions not only recognized childhood as a unique stage of life, but also located the causes of child delinquency in a child’s immediate environment including difficult life circumstances and “corrupting” role models.

58
Q

What did YOA focus on? 2

A
  • Accountability

- Due process

59
Q

How did canadas rate of youth incarceration compare to the US and other European countries?

A
  • Double

- 10 to 15 time higher

60
Q

What did the YCJA introduce in 2003? 5

A
  • Increased Extrajudicial measures
  • Reintroduced youth justice committees
  • Established court process is reserved for serious offences
  • Provisions to reintroduce youth into society
  • Changed system for sentencing youth as adults
61
Q

What percent of youth were accused of police reported crime?

A

101,000 or 13%

62
Q

Free Space

A

Free Space

63
Q

Free Space

A

Free Space

64
Q

Stat

A

Stat

65
Q

Stat

A

Stat

66
Q

Stat

A

Stat

67
Q

Stat

A

Stat

68
Q

Stat

A

Stat

69
Q

What did bill C-25 introduce? What did this reflect?

A
  • adding “denunciation” and “deterrence” as principles of youth sentencing
  • Both of these principles are reflective of a crime control model rather than a rehabilitative one.
70
Q

What did bill C-10 introduce?

A

added denunciation and specific deterrence as principles of youth sentencing in an effort to prioritize protecting society by facilitating detention of youth that are perceived to pose a threat to society:

71
Q

Role of social workers in youth justice? 6

A
  • Providing assessment of young offender
  • Provide support on one-to-one basis or in group
  • May work with families to provide support and assistance
  • Provide outreach and referral services
  • Testify as witnesses
  • advocate

Intro to Social Work (14 decks)

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