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AEB 122 > Chapter 8 (Glandular Epithelia) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (Glandular Epithelia) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of Epithelial Tissue

A

Sensation, Secretion, absorption Excretion, Diffusion, cleansing reduces friction

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2
Q

What are Exocrine Glands ?

A

Glands that secrete their products onto the apical (or epithelia) surface directly OR via epithelial ducts or tubes that are connected to the apical surface.

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3
Q

What are Endocrine Glands -

A

Glands that release their products basally, so the secretion goes through the basal lamina, move into the underlying connective tissue,
and enter the vascular system.

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4
Q

______glands lack a duct system.

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

What are Paracrine glands?

A

secretions reach target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space or immediately subjacent connective tissue

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6
Q

What is Unicellular glands glandular epithelial?

A

They have only one secretory cell which secretes mucus, easily seen in the small intestine. Standard stained slides (Hematoxylin and Eosin, or H&E) don’t preserve the mucus so Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) are used

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7
Q

What are Multicellular glands glandular epithelial?

A

These glands have many cells and form a secretory sheet of epithelial cells like the linings of the stomach and the uterus.

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8
Q

Classification of glandular epithelial based on nature of secretion

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucous
  3. Mixed
  4. Miscellaneous
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9
Q

What are the Functions of serous ?

A

They produce a thin, watery, protein-rich secretion.

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10
Q

What are the Examples of serous ?

A

They are the primary cell type in the pancreas (digestion) and parotid salivary glands (saliva).

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11
Q

What are the Shape and nucleus of serous ?

A

They are polyhedral or pyramidal (multiple sided or pyramid-shaped) with a round, centrally located nucleus.

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12
Q

What is the Polarity of serous ?

A

They exhibit distinct basal and apical regions

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13
Q

Basal region of serous are Intensely stained due to

A

a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and free ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.

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14
Q

The Apical region of serous Contains

A

prominent Golgi apparatus and numerous secretory granules (rounded, protein-filled vesicles).

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15
Q

What are the Structure and organization of serous ?

A

Acini: Adjacent serous cells are connected by junctional complexes to form spherical clusters.
These acini have a central lumen where the secretion accumulates. This structure resembles a “grape” connected to a “stem” representing the duct system.

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16
Q

What are the Composition of serous cells in different glands ?

A

Pancreas and parotid glands: Entirely composed of serous cells.
Submandibular gland: Predominantly serous with some mucous cells.
Sublingual gland: Predominantly mucous with few serous cells.

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17
Q

How to differentiate between the pancreas and parotid from the submandibular and sublingual gland?

A

By analyzing the percentage of serous vs. mucous cells

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18
Q

Secretory granules found in digestive enzyme-producing cells (pancreas) are called

A

zymogen granules.

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19
Q

What are the Function of glands of Mucous ?

A

They produce mucus, a thick, viscous, lubricating, and protective gel primarily composed of mucins.

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20
Q

What are the Polarity of glands of Mucous ?

A

They exhibit distinct basal and apical regions

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21
Q

What are the components of glands of Mucous ?

A

numerous large, lightly Staining granules containing strongly hydrophilic glycoproteins called mucins,

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22
Q

What are Mucins?

A

These are complex sugars (glycoproteins) that give mucus its unique properties.

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23
Q

What are the Examples of mucous?

A

Sublingual glands: Predominantly composed of mucous cells, highlighting their abundance in some glands.

24
Q

What are the Shape and nucleus of mucous cell?

A

They show diverse shapes (cuboidal or columnar)
Nucleus located near the base

25
Q

What are the Structure and organization of mucous?

A

tubules, cylindrical structures with mucous cells surrounding a central lumen where the mucus accumulates.

26
Q

The Apical region of mucous Contains

A
  1. mucinogen granules, which don’t stain well with routine (H&E) stains due to their high carbohydrate content (use PAS stain instead).
  2. Well-developed Golgi complex sits just above the nucleus, responsible for processing and packaging mucins.
27
Q

The basal region of mucous Contains

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum for protein synthesis.

28
Q

What is serous demilunes?

A

These are structures where mucous cell tubules are “capped” at their ends by a crescent-shaped cluster of serous cells

29
Q

seminal vesicles produce what kind of substance?

A

viscid substance

30
Q

sebaceous gland produce what kind of secretion?

A

a greasy secretion glands

31
Q

cerumen glands of external ear produce what kind of substance?

A

a waxy substance

32
Q

Classification of glandular cells based on Mechanism of secretion

A
  1. Merocrine secretion (aka eccrine secretion)
  2. Apocrine secretion
  3. Holocrine secretion
33
Q

What is the most common type of glandular epithelium
secretion

A

Merocrine secretion

34
Q

What is a merocrine secretion

A

The secretory granules leave the cell with no loss of other cellular material by exocytosis

35
Q

Which secretion uses exocytosis

A

Merocrine

36
Q

Mucous and serous cells exhibit what type of secretion?

A

Merocrine secretions

37
Q

What is the rare type of secretion dependent cell on sex hormones ?

A

Apocrine secretion

38
Q

Which of the Secretions that does not destroy the cellular membrane

A

Merocrine and apocrine

39
Q

What is an apocrine secretion?

A

A portion of the apical cytoplasm pinches off and bud into the lumen then the vesicles break down and release the gland products

40
Q

Apocrine glands become functional at?

A

puberty

41
Q

Apocrine secretions respond to what type of stimulus?

A

emotional or sensory stimuli (not to heat).

42
Q

What are the examples of apocrine glands ?

A
  1. lactating mammary glands,
  2. glands of skin in the pubic and axilla regions
  3. ciliary (Moll’s) glands of the eyelid, and the
  4. ceruminous glands of the external acoustic meatus.
43
Q

What is an Holocrine secretion?

A

This secretion consists of disintegrated cells of the gland itself. the whole cell is discharged into the lumen.

44
Q

Examples of Holocrine secretions gland

A
  1. sebaceous glands
  2. tarsal (Meibomian).
45
Q

Classification based on Shape of Secretory Units

A
  1. Tubular
  2. Acinar (or alveolar)
  3. Tubulo-alveolar
46
Q

What is a Tubular secretory unit and example?

A

An elongated group of secretory cells with a tube-shaped lumen. E.g Mucous
cells

47
Q

What is a Acinar (or alveolar) secretory unit and example?

A

A small grape-like (acinus means “grape”) or sac-like (alveolus means
“sac”) group of secretory cells
arranged about a small lumen e.g serous cells

48
Q

What is a Tubulo-alveolar ) secretory unit and example?

A

Lumen of secretory units have both of the above listed shapes seen in mixed
glands with serous demilunes).

49
Q

Classification based on Arrangement (branched or not) and Occurrence of Duct System

A
  1. Simple glands
  2. Branched glands
  3. Compound glands
50
Q

What are Simple glands ?

A

Glands that have an unbranched duct
into which the cells secrete.

51
Q

What is Branched glands ?

A

These glands have several secretory units empty into an unbranched excretory duct.

52
Q

what are Compound glands ?

A

These glands have a highly branched duct system. Secretory portions empty into an elaborate branched duct system, which, in turn, drain into larger ducts.

53
Q

Where are Simple straight tubular glands found?

A

The long crypts of Lieberkühn, located within the colon,

54
Q

Where are Simple coiled tubular glands found

A

Within the dermis, eccrine sweat glands are located.

55
Q

Where are branched tubular glands found

A

primarily in the stomach.

AEB 122 (13 decks)

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