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AEB 122 > Chapter 12(mammalian Skin) > Flashcards

Chapter 12(mammalian Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

What is skin?

A

The outer body covering of vertebrates (animals with backbones).

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2
Q

Functions of skin:

A
  1. Protection
  2. Temperature regulation
  3. Sensation
  4. Excretion
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3
Q

The skins the largest organ with a weight of

A

4.5-5kg

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4
Q

What are the layers of the skin ?

A

the epidermis and the dermis.

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5
Q

What is the upper or outer layer of the skin.

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

_____ is a tough, waterproof, protective layer

A

The epidermis

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7
Q

What provides the skin with strength and elasticity ?

A

Dermis

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8
Q

What is the thin layer anchoring the epidermis and dermis?

A

Basement membrane

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9
Q

The basement membrane is made up of

A

a series of elaborately interconnecting molecules that act as ropes and grappling hooks to hold the skin together.

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10
Q

The subcutaneous layer is composed of

A

protein fibres and adipose tissue (fat).

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11
Q

What Make up 90% of the epidermis?

A

Keratinocytes

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12
Q

Keratinocytes Produce;

A

keratin, a tough protein that protects the skin

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13
Q

______ Produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color

A

Melanocytes

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14
Q

What Protect the DNA of keratinocytes from sun damage?

A

melanosomes

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15
Q

packets of melanin are called

A

melanosomes

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16
Q

Difference in skin tone is because of the

A

variations in melanin production and distribution.

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17
Q

melanin sometimes accumulates in patches, forming ____

A

freckles, age spots, or liver spots.

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18
Q

what makes redheaded people more sensitive to the sun?

A

pheomelanin

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19
Q

What is albinism,

A

A total lack of melanin, a genetic condition

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20
Q

The epidermis is composed of what cells?

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells:

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21
Q

What are the Langerhans cells of the skin?

A

Part of the immune system, recognize and fight off harmful substances.

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22
Q

Where are langerhans cell produced

A

Bone marrow

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23
Q

What is merkel cell of the epidermis?

A

Touch receptors located in sensitive areas like fingertips.

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24
Q

Where does Strength, Sensation, and Temperature Regulation Meet?

A

Dermis

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25
Q

the dermis or lower layer of the skin is richly supplied with

A

blood vessels and sensory nerve endings.

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26
Q

The dermis is composed of

A

Primarily made of collagen and elastin fibers, with fewer cells compared to the epidermis.

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27
Q

The main structural component of the dermis is a protein called_____

A

collagen

28
Q

Bundles of collagen molecules pack together throughout the dermis, accounting for ______ of the dry weight of skin.

A

three-fourth

29
Q

Collagen is responsible for

A

The skin’s strength

30
Q

Elastin is responsible for

A

The skin’s elasticity

31
Q

What are the Cells that produce collagen and elastin.

A

Fibroblast

32
Q

What are the layer of the dermis

A

Contains two layers: the papillary layer (upper) and the reticular layer (lower).

33
Q

the reticular layer. It is made primarily of

A

coarse collagen and elastic fibres.

34
Q

glands and hair follicles are often anchored in

A

the reticular layer of the dermis.

35
Q

_____ contains several different types of sensory receptors

A

The reticular layer

36
Q

_____ are receptors found in the deep dermis of weight-bearing surfaces,

A

Pacinian corpuscles

37
Q

What are skin appendages?

A

Structures like hair, nails, and glands embedded within the skin.

38
Q

Scalp hair grows at about

A

1mm every 3 days.

39
Q

the visible part of the hair is called

A

shaft

40
Q

Where does hairs grow from ?

A

Grows from follicles, with the bulb at the base nourishing it.

41
Q

Hair is composed primarily of.

A

keratin

42
Q

At the base of the follicle is the bulb, which contains

A

cells that give rise to the keratinocytes that make up the hair, as well as blood vessels that nourish the growing hair.

43
Q

The colour of hair is due to____,

A

melanin

44
Q

Dark hair contains

A

true melanin

45
Q

blond and red hair result from?

A

types of melanin that contain sulphur and iron

46
Q

Hair goes grey when ___

A

melanocytes age and lose the enzyme necessary to produce melanin.

47
Q

White hair occurs when

A

air bubbles become incorporated into the growing hair.

48
Q

The texture of hair results from

A

the shape of the hair shaft.

49
Q

Straight hair appears ____ in cross section,

A

round

50
Q

wavy hair has an ____ in cross section,

A

oval shape

51
Q

curly hair has _____ appearance.

A

An elliptical or kidney-shaped

52
Q

Function of the finger mail

A
  1. Protect fingertips and toes from injury.
  2. Aid in grasping small objects.
  3. Enable scratching.
53
Q

Nails on the fingers and toes are made of

A

hard, keratin-filled epidermal cells.

54
Q

The part of the nail that is visible is called

A

the nail body,

55
Q

the portion of the nail body that extends past the end of the digit is called

A

the free edge.

56
Q

White, crescent-shaped area at the base, lacking blood vessels and covered by thicker epidermis is called

A

Lunula

57
Q

The part of the nail buried under the skin

A

Mail root

58
Q

where are the nail cells are produced.

A

The nail root

59
Q

Fingernails typically grow _____ per week.

A

1 mm (0.04 in)

60
Q

What is the Eccrine sweat gland?

A

Most numerous, found almost everywhere (especially palms and soles).

61
Q

_______ sweat gland Secrete watery sweat for cooling and waste removal.

A

Eccrine

62
Q

_______ sweat gland secrete milky fluid potentially involved in sexual attraction.

A

What are apocrine

63
Q

Sebaceous glands are found

A

all over the body except on the palms, the soles, and the top of the feet.

64
Q

Sebaceous produce an oily substance called,

A

sebum

65
Q

Function of the sebum

A

keeps the Skin and hair from drying out and inhibits the growth of certain harmful bacteria.

66
Q

_____ are modified sweat glands found in the ears

A

ceruminous, glands

67
Q

The ceruminous gland secrete

A

a waxy substance that helps prevent foreign particles from entering the ear.

AEB 122 (13 decks)

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