Chapter 8 - Extent of Chemical Reactions Flashcards
open system
system allows matter and energy to be exchanged with surroundings
closed system
system in which only energy is exchanged with surroundings
dynamic equilibrium
point in chemical reaction when rate of forward and reverse reaction is equal.
no concentration changes
extent of reaction
how much product is formed when system reaches equilibrium
reaction quotient
expression of non-equilibrium concentrations of products and reactants with time
reaction quotient greater than Kc
system shifts left.
more reactants
reaction quotient smaller than Kc
system shifts right.
more products
reaction quotient equal to Kc
system at equilibrium
effect on equilibrium constant: reversing reaction
1/Kc
effect on equilibrium constant: coefficients doubled
Kc squared
effect on equilibrium constant: coefficients halved
Kc square rooted
le chateliers principle
system subjected to change system will respond by trying to oppose it
whats the only factor that can change value of Kc
temperature
effect of increased pressure on equilibrium
move to side with least particles
effect of decreased pressure on equilibrium
move to side with most particles
do catalysts effect the equilibrium position
no
percentage yield
compares the actual yield to the theoretical yield
theoretical yield
mass of product expected to form if all reactants react according to equation
actual yield
mass of product actually formed in the reaction
equation of percentage yield
actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
haemoglobin
transports oxygen through the body
carbon monoxide
odourless, colourless and tasteless gas which is extremely toxic.
produced by incomplete combustion of fuels
carbon monoxide treatment
supply pure oxygen but very difficult to overcome large Kc value
