Chapter 11 - Properties and Reactions of Organic Compounds

Question 1

boiling point

Answer 1

when an organic molecule boils the intermolecular bonds break

Question 2

straight chain hydrocarbons pack closer together than branched and hence..

Answer 2

have stronger forces and hence higher boiling points

Question 3

forces in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes

Answer 3

dispersion forces

Question 4

boiling points increase as number of carbons increase or decrease?

Answer 4

increase

Question 5

alkenes and alkynes generally have a lower because…

Answer 5

double and triple bonds cause kinking so they can’t pack as close together

Question 6

bonding in haloalkanes

Answer 6

dispersion and dipole-dipole

Question 7

is the boiling point of haloalkanes higher or lower than its corresponding alkane

Answer 7

higher

Question 8

the functional groups in alcohol, carboxylic acids, amines and amides can form what bonds?

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds3

Question 9

as alcohol move from primary to tertiary, OH group becomes crowded and molecule less able to form hydrogen bonds so what happens to the boiling points

Answer 9

boiling points decrease from primary to tertiary

Question 10

do aldehydes, ketones and esters form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 10

no

Question 11

is the oxygen-carbon double bond polar or non-polar?

Answer 11

polar

Question 12

aldehydes, ketones and esters have higher boiling points than alkanes but not as high as what?

Answer 12

alcohols

Question 13

immiscible

Answer 13

liquids that don’t mix with water

Question 14

are haloalkanes soluble in water?

Answer 14

small ones are slightly soluble in water but become insoluble with increasing chain length

Question 15

are small alcohols, carboxylic acid, amines and amides soluble in water?

Answer 15

soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding but solubility decreases as these molecules become larger

Question 16

viscosity

Answer 16

liquids resistance to flowing or pouring

Question 17

flashpoint

Answer 17

temperature at which vapour of substance ignites

Question 18

increased chain length results in greater dispersion forces and higher or lower viscosity?

Answer 18

higher

Question 19

flashpoint increases or decreases as length of chain increases

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

theoretical yield

Answer 20

maximum amount of product that can be formed using stiochiometric ratios of the limiting reactant and assumes 100% conversion

Question 21

percentage yield

Answer 21

compares actual yield to theoretical yield.

measure of efficiency of a production process, for the particular conditions and method used for the synthesis

Question 22

equation for percentage yield

Answer 22

actual yield / theoretical yield x 100

Question 23

atom economy

Answer 23

measure of how many atoms in the reactants end up in the desired products

Question 24

equation for atom economy

Answer 24

mass of desired product / mass of all products x 100