Chapter 8 Eating and sleep-wake disorders

Question 1

bulimia nevrosa

Answer 1

out-of-control episodes, or binges, are followed by self-induced vomiting, excessive use of laxatives, or other attempts to purge (get rid of) the food

Question 2

anorexia nevrosa

Answer 2

the person eats nothing beyond minimal amounts of food, so body weight sometimes drops dangerously

Question 3

binge-eating disorder

Answer 3

individuals might binge repeatedly and find it distressing, but they do not attempt to purge food

Question 4

obesity

Answer 4

is not considered an official disorder in the DSM, but we consider it here because it is thought to be one of the most dangerous epidemics confronting public health authorities around the world today

Question 5

purging techniques

Answer 5

individuals tries to compensate for the binge eating and potential weight gain –> these techniques include self-induced vomiting immediately after eating and using laxatives (drugs that relieve constipation) and diuretics (drugs that result in loss of fluids through greatly increased frequency of urination

Question 6

bariatric surgery

Answer 6

is an increasingly popular approach for individuals with a BMI of at least 40

Question 7

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Answer 7

dream sleep

Question 8

dyssomnias

Answer 8

difficulties getting enough sleep, problems with sleeping

Question 9

parasomnias

Answer 9

characterised by abnormal behavioural or psychological events that occur during sleep, such as nightmares and sleepwalking

Question 10

polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation

Answer 10

the clearest and most comprehensive picture in your sleep habits

Question 11

actigraph

Answer 11

wristwatch-size device - assessment of sleep - records number of arm movements

Question 12

sleep efficiency (SE)

Answer 12

the percentage of time actually spent asleep, not just lying in bed trying to sleep

Question 13

micro sleeps

Answer 13

lasts several seconds or longer

Question 14

hypersomnolence

Answer 14

disorder involving sleeping too much

Question 15

sleep apnea

Answer 15

sleep problem - difficulty breathing at night

Question 16

narcolepsy

Answer 16

day time sleepiness and some experience cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle tone

Question 17

breathing related sleep disorders

Answer 17

sleep problems have a physical origin - namely problems of breathing while asleep

Question 18

nightmares

Answer 18

during REM or dream sleep

Question 19

sleep terrors

Answer 19

most common in children, usually begin with a piercing scream - occur during NREM - therefor not caused by frightening dreams - cannot be easily wakened and comforted