Chapter 15 Neurocognitive Disorder

Question 1

delirium

Answer 1

A TEMPORARY state of confusion and disorientation that can be caused by brain trauma, intoxication by drugs or poisons, surgery, and a variety of other stressful conditions, especially among older adults

characterizied by impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days - one of the earliest recognised mental disorders (2400 years ago)

Question 2

major neurocognitive disorder

Answer 2

previously labeled dementia - a gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects memory, judgement, language, and other advanced cognitive processes

Question 3

mild neuro-cognitive disorder

Answer 3

is a new DSM-5 disorder that was created to focus attention on the early stages of cognitive decline - modest impairments in cognitive abilities but can, with some accommodations (e.g. making extensive lists) continue to function independently

Question 4

agnosia

Answer 4

the inability to recognise and name objects

Question 5

facial agnosia

Answer 5

the inability to recognise familiar faces

Question 6

DSM´s criteria for neuro-cognitive disorder due to Alzheiemer´s

Answer 6

multiple cognitive deficits that develop gradually and steadily –> impairment of memory, orientation, judgement, and reasoning - inability to integrate new info = failure of learning

Question 7

vascular neuro-cognitive disorder

Answer 7

a progressive brain disorder that is a common cause of neuro-cognitive deficits

Question 8

frontotemporal neuro-cognitive disorder

Answer 8

an overarching term used to categorise a variety of brain disorders that damage the frontal or temporal regions of the brain - areas that affect personality, language, and behaviour

Question 9

Pick´s disease

Answer 9

a rare neurobiological condition - occurring in about 5 % of those people with neuro-cognitive impairment - that produces symptoms similar to that of Alzheimer´s disease

Question 10

traumatic brain injury

Answer 10

severe trauma to the head causes the brain to sustain lasting injuries which can lead to neuro-cognitive disorder

Question 11

neuro-cognitive disorder due to traumatic brain injury

Answer 11

includes symptoms that persist for at least a week following the trauma, including executive dysfunction (e.g., difficulty planning complex activities)

Question 12

neuro-cognitive disorder due to Lewy Body disease

Answer 12

second most common neuro-cognitive disorder after Alzheimers - levy bodies are microscopic deposits of protein that damage brain cells over time - gradual signs of disorder –> impairments in alertness and attention, vivid visual hallucinations, and motor impairment as seen in Parkinson´s disease (some overlap here)

Question 13

Neuro-cognitive disorder due to Parkinsons disease

Answer 13

Parkinson´s disease is a degenerative brain disorder that affects about 1 in every 1000 people worldwide - motor problems - damage to dopamine pathways

Question 14

neuro-cogntive disorder due to prion disease

Answer 14

A rare progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by “prions” - proteins that can reproduce themselves and cause damage to brain cells leading to neurocognitive decline.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: one type of prion disease

Question 15

criteria for substance/medication-induced neurocognitive disorder

Answer 15

essentially the same as many of the other forms of this disorder - memory impairment, and at least one of the following cognitive disturbances: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, and a disturbance of executive functioning

Question 16

stroke

Answer 16

any diseases or traumas to the brain that results in restriction or cessation of blood flow

Question 17

Huntington´s disease

Answer 17

a genetic disorder that initially affects motor movements, typically in the form of chorea, involuntary limb movements

Question 18

Parkinson´s

Answer 18

a degenerative brain disorder - motor problems due to damage to the dopamine pathways