Chapter 11

Question 1

• Substance-related and addictive disorders:

Answer 1

are associated with the abuse of drugs and other substances people take to alter the way they think, feel, and behave

Question 2

• Impulse-control disorders:

Answer 2

represent a number of related problems that involve the inability to resists acting on a drive or temptation

Question 3

• Psychoactive substances:

Answer 3

alter mood, behaviour, or both

Question 4

• Substance use:

Answer 4

the integration of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social, educational, or occupational functioning

Question 5

• Substance intoxication

Answer 5

: our physiological reaction to ingested substances – drunkenness or getting high
- Often experienced as impaired judgement, mood changes, and lowered motor ability

Question 6

• Substance abuse:

Question 7

substance dependence

Answer 7

substance dependence. In one definition, the person is psychologically dependent on the drug or drugs, requires increasingly amounts of the drug to experience the same effect (tolerance), and will respond physically in a negative way when the substance is no longer ingested (withdrawal).

Question 8

• Gambling disorder:

Answer 8

individuals who display gambling disorder are unable to resit the urge to gamble which, in turn, results in negative personal consequences (e.g. divorce, loss of employment)

Question 9

• Hallucinogens:

Answer 9

these substances alter sensory perception and produce delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations. Cannabis and LSD are included in this category

Question 10

opiates

Answer 10

the major effect of these substances is to produce analgesia temporarly (reduce pain) and euphoria. Heroin, opium, cocaine, and morphine are included in this group

Question 11

• Stimulants:

Answer 11

these substances cause us to be more active and alert and can elevate mood. Included in this group are amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine

Question 12

• Depressants:

Answer 12

these substances result in behaviour sedation and can induce relaxation. This include alcohol, and sedative and hypnotic drugs in the families of barbiturates and benzpdiazepines

Question 13

• Fetal alcohol syndrome:

Answer 13

now generally recognized as a combination of problems that can occur in a child whose mother drank while she was pregnant. These problems include fetal growth retardation, cognitive deficits, behavioural problems, and learning difficulties, characteristic facial features

Question 14

amphetamine use disorders

Answer 14

• DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for intoxication in amphetamine use disorders include significant behavioural symptoms, such as euphoria or affective blunting (a lack of emotional expression), changes in sociability, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, tension, anger, stereotyped behaviours, impaired judgement, and impaired social or occupational functioning

Question 15

• Barbiturates:

Answer 15

a family of sedative drugs they were prescribed to help people sleep and replaced drugs as alcohol and opium

Question 16

Benzodiazepines

Answer 16

primarily to reduce anxiety considered to be safer than barbiturates, with less risk for abuse and dependence.