Chapter 5 Anxiety

Question 1

anxiety

Answer 1

is a negative mood state characterised by bodily symptoms of physical tension and by apprehension about the future

Question 2

behavioral inhibition system (bis)

Answer 2

is activated by signals from the brain stem of unexpected events, such as major changes in the body functioning that might signal danger

Question 3

Fight/flight system (FFS)

Answer 3

the circuit originates in the brain stem and travels through several midbrain structures, including the amygdala, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, and the central grey matter.

Question 4

panic disorder (PD)

Answer 4

in which individuals experience severe, unexpected panic attacks; they may think they´re dying or otherwise losing control

Question 5

agoraphobia

Answer 5

which is fear and avoidance of situations in which a person feels unsafe or unable to escape to get home or to a hospital in the event of a developing panic symptoms or other physical symptoms, such as loss of bladder control

Question 6

specific phobia

Answer 6

an irrational fear of a specific object or situation that markedly interferes with an individual´s ability to function

Question 7

situational phobias

Answer 7

phobias characterised by fear of public transportation or enclosed places

Question 8

blood-injection-injury phobias

Answer 8

almost always differ in their physiological reaction from people with other types of phobias –> they actually faint

Question 9

animal phobias

Answer 9

fear of animals and insects

Question 10

social anxiety disorder (SAD)

Answer 10

suffer severely around others

Question 11

attachment disorders

Answer 11

referes to distributed and developmentally inappropriate behaviours in children, emerging before five years of age in which the child is unable or unwilling to form a normal attachment relationships with caregiving adults

Question 12

reactive attachment disorder

Answer 12

the child will very seldom seek out a caregiver for protection, support, and nurturance and will seldom respond to offers from caregivers to provide this kind of care

Question 13

disinhibited social engagement disorder

Answer 13

a similar set of child rearing circumstances (lack of responsiveness, limited positive affect) - perhaps including early persistent harsh punishment - would result in a pattern of behaviour in which the child shows no inhibitions whatsoever to approaching adults

Question 14

body dimorphic disorder (BDD)

Answer 14

relatively normal-looking people think they are so ugly they refuse to interact with others or otherwise function normally for fear that people will laugh at their ugliness

Question 15

trichotillomania

Answer 15

the urge to pull out one´s hair from anywhere on the body

Question 16

excoritation

Answer 16

skin picking disorder

Question 17

Compulsion (OCD)

Answer 17

Repetitive behaviors (e.g., handwashing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly 
The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or men- tal acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive

Question 18

presence of obsessions (OCD)

Answer 18

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress
The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action