Chapter 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide

Question 1

mood disorders

Answer 1

group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression

Question 2

Major depressive disorders

Answer 2

most common and severe experience of depression, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks .
Absence of manic, or hypomanic episodes before or during the disorder.
Recurrent –> when there is two or more episodes occurring which are separated by at least two months

DSM criteria: single episode or recurrent episode. Mild, moderate, severe, with anxious distress. With mixed features. With melancholic features)

Question 3

mania

Answer 3

period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders

Question 4

hypomanic episode

Answer 4

less severe and less disruptive version of maniac episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders

Question 5

mixed features

Answer 5

condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. –> desphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode

Question 6

Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 6

mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symtoms for more than 2 months.
Less symptoms than major depression - may experience major

Question 7

Hallucinations

Answer 7

psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present

Question 8

Delusion

Answer 8

psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misinterpretations of reality

Question 9

somatic delusion

Answer 9

false and unfounded beliefs about the body, ex that parts are rotting or turning to stone

Question 10

delusions of grandeur

Answer 10

psychotic symptom involving people´s unfounded belief that they are more famous or important than is true

Question 11

mood congruent

Answer 11

consistent with the person´s emotional level. Hallucinations and delusions may be congruent or incongruent with a depressed person´s mood (contrast with mood incongruent)

Question 12

Mood incongruent

Answer 12

not consistent with the person´s emotional level. Psychotic symptoms associated with mood disorders may not be congruent with the person´s mood (contrasts with mood congruent)

Question 13

catalepsy

Answer 13

motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures are waxy and can be “sculpted” to remain fixed for long periods

Question 14

seasonal affective disorder SAD

Answer 14

mood disorder involving a cycling episodes corresponding to seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter

Question 15

integrated grief

Answer 15

grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of death and adjusts to the loss

Question 16

complicated grief

Answer 16

grief characterised by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designed for further study as a disorder of DSM-5

Question 17

Bipolar 1 disorder

Answer 17

alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes

Question 18

bipolar 2 disorder

Answer 18

alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (no full manic episodes)

Question 19

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 19

(moderate but more) chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterised by altering mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes

Question 20

manic episode

Answer 20

period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of ideas, agitation, or self-destructive behaviour

Question 21

rapid-cycling specifier

Answer 21

an individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year

Question 22

depressive cognitive triad

Answer 22

thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future

Question 23

mood stabilising drug

Answer 23

a medicament used in the treatment of mood disorders particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood

Question 24

electroconvulsive therapy ECT

Answer 24

biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures

Question 25

cognitive therapy

Answer 25

treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behaviour and coping styles

Beck

Question 26

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 26

brief treatment approach that emphasises resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role diputes, in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job.
Weissman

Question 27

maintenance treatment

Answer 27

combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy

Question 28

psychological autopsy

Answer 28

postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death