Chapter 7 Mood Disorders and Suicide Flashcards
mood disorders
group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression
Major depressive disorders
most common and severe experience of depression, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least 2 weeks .
Absence of manic, or hypomanic episodes before or during the disorder.
Recurrent –> when there is two or more episodes occurring which are separated by at least two months
DSM criteria: single episode or recurrent episode. Mild, moderate, severe, with anxious distress. With mixed features. With melancholic features)
mania
period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria, associated with some mood disorders
hypomanic episode
less severe and less disruptive version of maniac episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders
mixed features
condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. –> desphoric manic episode or mixed manic episode
Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years, with no absence of symtoms for more than 2 months.
Less symptoms than major depression - may experience major
Hallucinations
psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which things are seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although they are not actually present
Delusion
psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misinterpretations of reality
somatic delusion
false and unfounded beliefs about the body, ex that parts are rotting or turning to stone
delusions of grandeur
psychotic symptom involving people´s unfounded belief that they are more famous or important than is true
mood congruent
consistent with the person´s emotional level. Hallucinations and delusions may be congruent or incongruent with a depressed person´s mood (contrast with mood incongruent)
Mood incongruent
not consistent with the person´s emotional level. Psychotic symptoms associated with mood disorders may not be congruent with the person´s mood (contrasts with mood congruent)
catalepsy
motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures are waxy and can be “sculpted” to remain fixed for long periods
seasonal affective disorder SAD
mood disorder involving a cycling episodes corresponding to seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter
integrated grief
grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of death and adjusts to the loss
complicated grief
grief characterised by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life; designed for further study as a disorder of DSM-5
Bipolar 1 disorder
alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes
bipolar 2 disorder
alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (no full manic episodes)
cyclothymic disorder
(moderate but more) chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterised by altering mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes
manic episode
period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood that may include inflated self-esteem, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech, flight of ideas, agitation, or self-destructive behaviour
rapid-cycling specifier
an individual with bipolar disorder who experiences at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year
depressive cognitive triad
thinking errors in depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future
mood stabilising drug
a medicament used in the treatment of mood disorders particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood
electroconvulsive therapy ECT
biological treatment for severe, chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures
cognitive therapy
treatment approach that involves identifying and altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes and, ultimately, more adaptive behaviour and coping styles
Beck
interpersonal psychotherapy
brief treatment approach that emphasises resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role diputes, in marital conflict or forming relationships in marriage or a new job.
Weissman
maintenance treatment
combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy
psychological autopsy
postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death
