Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Essentials Of Human Disease > Chapter 8- Digestive > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of gums

Can lead to periodontitis

A

Gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etiology:
Plaque builds up at base of teeth, forms pocket that is a food trap
Treatment:
Removal of plaque and calculus

A

Gingivitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Medical terms:

Around

A

Peri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Medical term:

Odont

A

Teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Destructive gum and bone disease around teeth

Pocket forms, exposes root, leads to sensitivity to temperature extremes

A

Periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Etiology:
Gingivitis 
Diagnosis:
X-rays, measure depth of pockets 
Treatment:
Sometimes surgery (gingivectomy)
A

Periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Faulty bite

A

Malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Caused by protrusion or recession of jaw; maxillary and mandibular teeth do not align properly

A

Malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
Etiology:
Inherited or early loss of primary teeth
Diagnosis:
Exam and X-ray 
Treatment:
Brace, removal of teeth; removal of portions of the jaw
A

Malocclusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Inflammation of the join between the mandible and the temporal bones

A

Tenporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes limited motion and clicking sounds
Etiology:
Many causes
Diagnosis:
Exam, history, X-rays
Treatment:
Immobilization, appliances, cortisone injections.

A

Temporomandibular joint syndrome (TMJ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Canker sores

A

Aphthous ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cold sores

Viral infection (HSV-1)
On lips or mouth
A

Herpes simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fungal infection, yellow patches in mouth

A

Thrush

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

White plaque caused by friction in mouth

A

Leukoplakia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Regurgitation of stomach and duodenal contents into esophagus (heartburn)

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Etiology:
Weight gain, pregnancy, overeating 
Diagnosis:
Barium swallow, endoscopy 
Treatment:
Raise head of bed, antacids 
H2-receptor antagonist (H2 blockers) or proton pump inhibitor
A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Varicose veins of esophagus

A

Esophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Can rupture (hemorrhage)
Etiology:
Frequent complication of cirrhosis of the liver
Treatment:
Stop bleeding with ice water lavage, or epigastric tamponade

A

Esophageal varices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stomach ulcer

A

Gastric ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Small intestine ulcer

Most common type of peptic ulcer

A

Duodenal ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complication of internal bleeding

Or perforation of stomach or intestinal wall which allows contents to leak in abdominal cavity

A

Mucus membrane breaks down due to peptic ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Symptoms:
Often asymptomatic, sometimes weight loss, nausea, anorexia occurs
Etiology:
H. Pylori, genetic, dietary

A

Gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnosis:
X-rays, endoscopy, cytology, CT scan, ultrasound
Treatment:
Surgery ( gastric resection or gastrectomy), radiation, chemo

A

Gastric cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Acute appendicitis

26
Q

Symptoms:
Pain in RLQ, fever, nausea, diarrhea or constipation
Etiology: idiopathic
Diagnosis:
McBurney’s point tenderness; (rebound tenderness); leukocytosis
Treatment:
Appendectomy

A

Acute appendicitis

27
Q

Upper part of stomach protrudes through diaphragm into thoracic cavity, weakening of muscle
Treatment:
Relieve symptoms

A

Hiatal hernia

28
Q

Inguinal and umbilical; weak spot in the muscles of the abdominal wall
Treatment:
May require heniorrhaphy

A

Abdominal hernia

29
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease; ileitis

A

Crohn disease

30
Q

Regional enteritis

A

Crohn disease

31
Q

All layers of the bowel wall are edematous and inflamed

A

Crohn disease

32
Q

Multiple symptoms:
Most severe are malnutrition, fissures and fistulas, bowel obstruction
Etiology: Unknown
Diagnosis:
X-rays, blood tests, colonoscopy
Treatment:
No cure, treat symptoms, resection may be required

A

Crohn disease

33
Q 
Left colon disease
Contagious 
Mostly mucosal 
Ulcerations 
Blood present 
No fat
Frequent liquid stools 
Mild abdominal pain
No abdominal masses
A

Ulcerative colitis

34
Q 
Distal ileum, right colon
Noncontagious 
Transmural 
Cobblestone effect, granulomas 
No blood present 
Steatorrhea 
3-5 semi soft stools a day 
RLQ pain/ cramping
Mass common RLQ
A

Crohn disease

35
Q 
Anemia 
Arthritis 
Liver disease 
Iritis, conjunctivitis 
Stomatitis 
Thrombophlebitis 
Surgery when bad response to med tx
Curative
A

Ulcerative colitis

36
Q 
Anemia 
Malabsorption 
Arthritis 
Hepatobiliary disease 
Iritis, conjunctivitis 
Kidney stones 
Surgery when complications 
Noncurative, high rate of recurrence
A

Crohn disease

37
Q 
Inflammation of rectum and colon 
Symptoms: 
Bloody diarrhea, cramps, mucous stools
Treatment:
Diet, surgical removal
A

Ulcerative colitis

38
Q

Travelers diarrhea
Complication is dehydration
Treatment:
Antiemetics

A

Gastroenteritis

39
Q

Telescoping of one portion of bowel into adjacent part

A

Intussusception

40
Q

Twisting of bowel on itself= blockage
Complication is infraction
Treatment:
Surgery

A

Volvulus

41
Q

Ileus

No peristalsis

A

Non-mechanical obstruction

42
Q

Outpouches (diverticula) in the distal part of the colon (sigmoid)

A

Diverticulosis

43
Q 
Symptoms:
Asymptomatic 
Etiology:
Diet lacking in roughage/fiber and excessive amounts of highly refined foods 
Diagnosis:
X-ray (barium enema) 
Treatment:
Diet-adequate fluids and roughage
A

Diverticulosis

44
Q

Inflammation and infection of diverticula

Can cause complications: adhesions, abscesses and fistulas

A

Diverticulitis

45
Q 
Etiology: 
Lack of dietary bulk, low fluids 
Diagnosis:
Blood tests and sigmoidoscopy 
Treatment: 
Antibiotics, antispasmodics, short term liquid diet, sometimes requires surgery
A

Diverticulitis

45
Q

Cancer of colon or rectum

A

Colorectal cancer

46
Q

Symptoms:
Blood in stool; positive guaiac
Etiology:
Over 50 years, hereditary, history of adenomas, red meat
Diagnosis:
Test for occult blood, X-ray, sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Treatment:
Resection, colostomy, chemo, and radiation

A

Colorectal cancer

47
Q

Serious membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

48
Q

Inflammation of the peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

49
Q 
Can lead to abscesses and adhesions, septicemia, shock, or death 
Etiology:
Usually bacterial infection 
Diagnosis:
X-ray, aspiration of fluid is cloudy 
Treatment: 
Antibiotics, IV fluids, surgery
A

Peritonitis

50
Q

Chronic degeneration, irreversible
Fibrous scar tissue (hobnail liver) replaces normal liver cells
Can lead to hepatic failure and death

A

Cirrhosis of the liver

51
Q

Etiology:
Most common cause is alcoholism
Diagnosis:
Enlarged liver, X-ray, more liver enzymes
Treatment:
Remove cause, diuretics, liver transplant

A

Cirrhosis of the liver

52
Q

Caused by virus (HAV); oral-fecal route
Symptoms:
Jaundice, dark urine, clay-colored stool, enlarged liver
Treatment:
Rest, immune globulin ( passive immunity)

A

Hepatitis A

53
Q

Also know as HBV
Transmitted through percutaneous and perimucosal routes with blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva
Diagnosis:
Blood test
Treatment:
Most cases become self-limiting; some become chronic carriers

A

Hepatitis B

54
Q

Caused by HCV virus; blood born
Symptoms: similar to hep A ; but often asymptomatic
Widespread epidemic, most common blood born infection in US

A

Hepatitis C

55
Q

Condition of gallstones
Diagnosis:
Cholecystogram or cholangiogram
Treatment: diet, cholecystectomy, ESWL

A

Cholelithiasis

56
Q 
Inflammation of the gallbladder 
Symptoms:
Acute colicky pain, RUQ
Etiology: 
Obstructed biliary duct
A

Cholecystitis

57
Q

Acute or chronic; acute is a life-threatening emergency
Etiology:
gallstones, alcoholism, metabolic

A

Pancreatitis

58
Q

Adenocarcinoma
Treatment:
Palliative; prognosis is poor

A

Pancreatic cancer

59
Q

Celiac Sprue

A

Celiac disease

60
Q

Gluten enteropathy

Disease of small intestine with malabsorption; damage to lining

A

Celiac disease

Essentials Of Human Disease (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions