Chapter 12- Reproductive

Question 1

STD

Answer 1

Sexually Transmitted Disease

Question 2

STI

Answer 2

Sexually Transmitted Infection

Question 3

Silent STD, women may not have symptoms, major cause of infertility, leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

Answer 3

Chlamydia

Question 4

Infection of the genitourinary tract

Sx- purulent discharge, dysuria
Often asymptomatic
Often occurs with chlamydia

Answer 4

Gonorrhea

Question 5

Infection of lower genitourinary tract 
Symptoms:
Asymptomatic 
Profuse greenish yellow discharge 
Cervix has strawberry like appearance 
Etio:
Protozoan (motile)

Answer 5

Trichomoniasis

Question 6

Infection of the skin of genital area with ulcerations spread by direct skin to skin contact.
Viral infection: HSV-2
Open lesions increase risk of contracting HIV

Answer 6

Genital herpes

Question 7

Cauliflower like growths on the rectum, vagina or penis
Etio:
Virus, human papillomavirus (HPV), skin-to-skin contact
women who have HPV are at greater risk of developing cervical cancer

Answer 7

Genital warts ( condyloma )

Question 7

chronic, systemic, STI that consist of 4 stages

primary syphilis: open lesion = chancre

secondary: spreads throughout body; contagious, but open lesion is healed

latent: 1 to 40 years

tertiary: disabling, life-threatening

smear of lesion, test (VDRL)

Answer 7

Syphilis

Question 8

chancroid = soft chancre

causes necrotizing ulceration and lymphadenopathy, purulent drainage

Answer 8

Chancroid

Question 9

inflammation of the epididymis (duct)
epididymis = first in series of ducts that transport sperm
Symptom: Painful scrotum
Etiology: gonorrhea or chlamydia

Answer 9

Epididymis

Question 10

inflammation/infection of testis
Symptoms:causes atrophy, can lead to sterility
Etiology: bacterial or viral (mumps)

Answer 10

Orchitis

Question 11

one testicle twisted out of its normal position
Symptoms: severe, sudden pain, swelling, redness, tenderness; may kink blood
vessels
Etiology: spontaneous or result of trauma

Answer 11

Torsion of the Testicle

Question 12

veins of testicle becomes abnormally distended, swelling follows

Answer 12

Varicocele

Question 13

Acute/chronic inflammation of prostrate gland

sx - pain and burning with urination

Answer 13

Prostatitis

Question 14

nonmalignant, noninflammatory hypertrophy of prostate gland
enlargement of prostate; nonmalignant
men > 50 years of age
sx - related to urination
Ex - aging, hormonal, metabolic

Answer 14

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Question 15

3rd leading cause of cancer death in men

similar to BPH or prostatitis

Answer 15

Prostate Cancer

Question 16

most common in males between ages of 20 and 35
painless lump in testicle
surgical removal, radiation and chemo

Answer 16

Testicular Cancer

Question 17

fluid-filled sacs, on or near ovaries

most are physiologic cysts, some are neoplastic cysts (benign or
malignant)

Answer 17

Ovarian Cysts

Question 18

endometrial tissue implants outside uterus

benign, but painful and chronic
may cause: infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and
spontaneous abortion

Answer 18

Endometriosis

Question 19

infection of female reproductive organs
complications - scarring of tubes; peritonitis; increased risk of ectopic pregnancy
vaginal bacterium
organism enters through
vagina, travels up cervix into pelvic cavity

Answer 19

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Question 20

leiomyoma = smooth muscle tumor; benign
fibroid = benign tumor of fibrous tissue
most common tumors of female reprod.

Answer 20

Leiomyomas (Fibroids)

Question 21

downward displacement of uterus

weakened pelvic floor muscles

Answer 21

Uterine Prolapse

Question 22

cystocele = downward displacement of bladder into anterior aspect of vagina
rectocele = protrusion of rectum into posterior aspect of vagina

Answer 22

Cystocele & Rectocele

Question 23

Cervix functions to allow sperm into uterine cavity & the infant to pass into birth canal
watery, bloody discharge
bleeding between menstrual periods, after
intercourse or menopause

Answer 23

Cervical Cancer

Question 24

leading cause of death of female reproductive system
early diagnosis difficult,
silent cancer; CA125
positive in 80%

Answer 24

Ovarian Cancer

Question 25

involves lining of uterus
most common gynecologic
malignancy
irregular bleeding, leukorrhea
2 types; most common is due to excess estrogen: (HRT), never having children, late menopause

Answer 25

Endometrial Cancer

Question 26

fertilized ovum implants and develops outside uterus
most often in fallopian tube
severe lower abdominal pain, bleeding
positive hCG test, exam, endovaginal ultrasonography

Answer 26

Ectopic Pregnancy

Question 27

characterized by hypertension
& proteinuria
hypertension, edema and proteinuria
usually occurs in 3rd trimester with weight gain, edema, headaches, N&V, ↑ BP

Answer 27

Preeclampsia (Toxemia) & Eclampsia

Question 28

placenta implanted in lower uterus over the internal cervical os, causing bleeding

Answer 28

placenta previa

Question 29

placenta separates from uterine wall, causes hemorrhage and lack of O2 to fetus

Answer 29

abruptio placentae

Question 30

anomaly of conception; tumorous growth resulting from a pathologic ovum

symptoms mimic pregnancy
vaginal bleeding at three months
hCG levels elevated, no fetal heart tones

chorionic villi develop into grape-like vesicles; usually no fetus present

Answer 30

Hydatidiform Mole

Question 31

benign, fibroplasia

Answer 31

cystic disease of breast

Question 32

inflammation of breast during lactation; bacterial; antibiotics

Answer 32

mastitis

Question 33

benign tumor of breast

Answer 33

fibroadenoma

Question 34

lump in breast tissue, usually from the terminal ductal lobular unit

lump, swelling, tenderness, dimpling, pain, ulceration, retraction

Answer 34

Cancer of the Breast

Question 35

carcinoma of the mammary ducts

mild crusting, scaling of one nipple, eczematous, scaly, ulcerated

Answer 35

Paget’s Disease of the Breast