Chapter 13- Neurological Flashcards
stroke = brain attack
lack of oxygen to area of brain
headache, dysphagia, dysphasia, hemiparesis, diplopia, loss of coordination, confusion
3 types of brain attacks
cerebral thrombosis
cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral embolus
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
ministrokes = little strokes temporary; due to inadequate flow of blood
plaque caused by atherosclerosis
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
between skull and dura mater (upon) (dura)
subdural = between dura mater & arachnoid membrane
Epidural Hematoma
loss of consciousness = “knocked out”
sx – amnesia, N&V, diplopia
etio – blunt object, blow or fall
disruption of electrical activity of brain
cerebral concussion
bruising of brain, more serious, permanent damage may occur 2nd to hematoma
cerebral contusion
lower portion of body paralyzed
paraplegia
all 4 extremities and trunk paralyzed
quadriplegia
deterioration of intervertebral disk
pain radiates down legs
neurological deficits (footdrop and dragging on one leg)
Degenerative Disk Disease
slipped disk = ruptured disk causes pressure on spinal nerves
accumulated trauma
Herniated & Bulging Disk
degenerative disk disease of L4 – S3 with pressure on sciatic nerve
along the sciatic nerve
spinal stenosis = narrowing causes compression; appears same
trauma or congenital
Sciatic Nerve Injury (Spinal Stenosis)
abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain
Epilepsy
part of brain involved, localized
partial epilepsy
absence (petit mal)
generalized epilepsy
one seizure follows another with no recovery
status epilepticus
Slowly progressive
tremors of thumb and forefinger, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement
shuffling gait, mask-like facies
decreased dopamine
Parkinson Disease
hereditary, degenerative of cerebral cortex
chorea (dance); involuntary movement dementia follows
Huntington Chorea
Lou Gehrig disease
motor neuron disease that causes muscular atrophy; men 50 – 60 yrs
fasciculations, all muscles affected, eventually need respirator; no dementia seen
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
distal muscles of extremities caused by chronic alcoholism; toxicity
Peripheral Neuritis
disorder of 7th cranial nerve, facial nerve; unilateral paralysis
etio – uncertain
tx – heat, exercise
Bell Palsy
inflammation of meninges headache and stiff neck
+ Kernig’ and Brudzinskis
etio – bacterial or viral
dx – CSF exam
Meningitis
inflammation of the brain viral or toxins, mosquito bites tx - symptoms
Encephalitis
acute disease of spinal nerves
muscle weakness, paralysis starts in lower extremities and moves upward
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
collection of pus in brain
etio – bacterial infection often from sinus infection or ear infection; or trauma
tx – antibiotics, steroids, drainage
Brain Abscess
