Chapter 13- Neurological

Question 1

stroke = brain attack
lack of oxygen to area of brain

headache, dysphagia, dysphasia, hemiparesis, diplopia, loss of coordination, confusion

3 types of brain attacks
cerebral thrombosis
cerebral hemorrhage
cerebral embolus

Answer 1

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Question 2

ministrokes = little strokes temporary; due to inadequate flow of blood

plaque caused by atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Question 3

between skull and dura mater (upon) (dura)
subdural = between dura mater & arachnoid membrane

Answer 3

Epidural Hematoma

Question 3

loss of consciousness = “knocked out”

sx – amnesia, N&V, diplopia
etio – blunt object, blow or fall
disruption of electrical activity of brain

Answer 3

cerebral concussion

Question 4

bruising of brain, more serious, permanent damage may occur 2nd to hematoma

Answer 4

cerebral contusion

Question 5

lower portion of body paralyzed

Answer 5

paraplegia

Question 6

all 4 extremities and trunk paralyzed

Answer 6

quadriplegia

Question 7

deterioration of intervertebral disk

pain radiates down legs
neurological deficits (footdrop and dragging on one leg)

Answer 7

Degenerative Disk Disease

Question 8

slipped disk = ruptured disk causes pressure on spinal nerves
accumulated trauma

Answer 8

Herniated & Bulging Disk

Question 9

degenerative disk disease of L4 – S3 with pressure on sciatic nerve
along the sciatic nerve
spinal stenosis = narrowing causes compression; appears same
trauma or congenital

Answer 9

Sciatic Nerve Injury (Spinal Stenosis)

Question 10

abnormal intense electrical activity in the brain

Answer 10

Epilepsy

Question 11

part of brain involved, localized

Answer 11

partial epilepsy

Question 12

absence (petit mal)

Answer 12

generalized epilepsy

Question 13

one seizure follows another with no recovery

Answer 13

status epilepticus

Question 14

Slowly progressive
tremors of thumb and forefinger, muscle rigidity, slowness of movement
shuffling gait, mask-like facies
decreased dopamine

Answer 14

Parkinson Disease

Question 15

hereditary, degenerative of cerebral cortex

chorea (dance); involuntary movement dementia follows

Answer 15

Huntington Chorea

Question 16

Lou Gehrig disease
motor neuron disease that causes muscular atrophy; men 50 – 60 yrs
fasciculations, all muscles affected, eventually need respirator; no dementia seen

Answer 16

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Question 17

distal muscles of extremities caused by chronic alcoholism; toxicity

Answer 17

Peripheral Neuritis

Question 18

disorder of 7th cranial nerve, facial nerve; unilateral paralysis
etio – uncertain
tx – heat, exercise

Answer 18

Bell Palsy

Question 19

inflammation of meninges headache and stiff neck
+ Kernig’ and Brudzinskis
etio – bacterial or viral
dx – CSF exam

Answer 19

Meningitis

Question 20

inflammation of the brain viral or toxins, mosquito bites tx - symptoms

Answer 20

Encephalitis

Question 21

acute disease of spinal nerves

muscle weakness, paralysis starts in lower extremities and moves upward

Answer 21

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 22

collection of pus in brain
etio – bacterial infection often from sinus infection or ear infection; or trauma
tx – antibiotics, steroids, drainage

Answer 22

Brain Abscess